Chapter 4

Question 1

Aerobic Cellular Respiration

Answer 1

a process that uses oxygen to harvest energy from organic compounds

Question 2

Obligate Aerobe

Answer 2

an organism that must have oxygen to live

Question 3

Obligate Anaerobe

Answer 3

an organism that cannot survive in an environment with oxygen

Question 4

Glycolysis

Answer 4

splits glucose into 2 pyruvate molecules and releases energy (used to make ATP)

Question 5

Pyruvate Oxidation

Answer 5

pyruvate is oxidized to form Acetyl CoA

Question 6

Citric Acid Cycle

Answer 6

a cycle of reactions that produces ATP and energy carrier molecules

Question 7

Electron Transport Chain/Oxidative Phosphorylation

Answer 7

uses energy carrier molecules to make ATP

Question 8

Mitochondria

Answer 8

cell organelle involved in the production of ATP

Question 9

Where does ETC and Oxidative
Phosphorylation in the mitochondria?

Answer 9

the inner membrane

Question 10

Where does Citric Acid Cycle and
Pyruvate Oxidation take place in the mitochondria?

Answer 10

within the Matrix (fluid inside inner membrane)

Question 11

Anaerobic Respiration

Answer 11

harvesting energy from food molecules without using oxygen

Question 12

What do you do with pyruvate energy?

Answer 12

Pyruvate oxidation and the Citric Acid Cycle help to harvest the remaining available energy

Question 13

What is Electron Transport Chain?

Answer 13

a series of membrane bound molecules that transfers electrons

Question 14

What happens in Complex I?

Answer 14

Oxidizes NADH (loses electrons)
into NAD+ and Hydrogen atoms are pumped across the membrane as electrons move through the complex

Question 15

What happens in Complex II?

Answer 15

FADH2 is oxidized by complex II and donates electrons Energy from electrons is used to pump protons across the membrane

Question 16

What does the Ubiquinone do?

Answer 16

Ubiquinone (UQ) is used to move electrons from complex I and complex II to Complex III

Question 17

What happens in Complex III?

Answer 17

Complex III transfers the electrons to Cytochrome C which can then move electrons to Complex IV

Question 18

What happens in Complex IV?

Answer 18

Electrons combine with Hydrogen ions and an oxygen atom to form water

Question 19

What is true about the electronegativity in the ETC?

Answer 19

It becomes more electronegative as it goes through.

Question 20

What drives ETC?

Answer 20

The chain reaction

Question 21

What is the chain reaction?

Answer 21

Oxygen causes complex IV to steal electrons from complex III which then steals electrons from complex II which then steals electrons from complex I which then steals electrons from NADH

Question 22

What is Chemiosmosis?

Answer 22

Proton gradient created by the ETC drives ATP synthesis

Question 23

What are metabolic rates?

Answer 23

the amount of energy that is expended per unit time in an organism

Question 24

What is Basal Metabolic Rate?

Answer 24

the metabolic rate of an organism at rest