Chapter 4 Flashcards
Milgram’s obedience studies found that ________ of people are willing to shock a victim with high levels of electric shock primarily on the basis of request from an experimenter.
a majority (about 2/3)
Which of the following is NOT assumed by behaviorists?
Reinforcement is one of the most soundly established principles in psychology today.
Behavior can be changed by using the same principles by which it was acquired.
All human behavior is learned.
Behavior is highly heritable and therefore cannot be changed.
Behavior is highly heritable and therefore cannot be changed.
_____________ argues that a person’s performance level is based on that person’s expectation that behaving in a particular way will lead to a given outcome.
Expectancy theory
The frustration-induced theory of criminality explains rioting, looting, and destruction of property when controversial decisions are reached by the criminal justice system. Which historical event most closely aligns with this explanation?
the 1993 riots in Los Angeles, California.
You are driving down 41 St. on Saturday afternoon and notice a guy in his 20s in a shiny black Porsche sports car behind you. He looks angry, and speeds up and lingers right on your rear bumper. As you speed up, he speeds up, and as you slow down, so does he. It is becoming very annoying. At a stoplight, you glare back at him in your rear view mirror and think to yourself, “What a jerk! He is a spoiled brat who was raised thinking he can push people around. He is arrogant and obnoxious.” This tendency to discount situational factors (i.e. he was following you closely because had a sick child in the back seat and needed to get to acute care) is known as the
fundamental attribution error
In your 10:00 am class, you do very well on the your exam and think to yourself, “Wow. I am intelligent, hard-working, and an overall great student.” In your 11:00 am class, you did rather poorly and think to yourself, “What a dumb exam. The professor asked stupid questions and didn’t cover the material thoroughly.” These thought processes portray which of the following?
Self-serving bias
When people within a crowd lose their sense of individuality, remove their self-imposed controls, and neutralize their internalized moral restraints. This is referred to as ________________
Deindividuation
This concept refers to the supported hypothesis that people will not interfere in a crime scene if other witnesses are present and able to interfere.
Bystander effect
Bandura proposed the idea of _____________ to explain why people do things that they know are not “right,” both on their own and when ordered to do so by some higher authority or under high social pressure.
moral disengagement
behaviorism
-stimulus —> response
-behavioral treatments = reverse engineering
classical conditioning focus: stimulus
-conditioning=learning
-sometimes trauma can undo learning
-behavior is involuntary
operant conditioning
-focus=response
-specific consequences are associated w/ involuntary behavior
social learning theory
stimulus –> ? –> response
1) recognizes we are unique
2) looks in black box (cognitive processes)
-we acquire behavior by observing and listening to others
-we are social creatures
-we imitate others
-we need reinforcement to perform and maintain a behavior
Julian Rotter
expectancy theory
-a person’s behavior is based on their expectation that behavior in a certain way will lead to a certain outcome
-committing a crime will solve a problem
-bc I was successful in the past or see others as successful
Fruseration-Agression
when your behavior toward a goal is blocked, frusteration increases and you may empty aggression/violence to decrease the frusteration or choose some other response
