Chapter 4 Flashcards
Body Systems and Related Conditions
A procedure to remove waste products from the blood of patients whose kidneys no longer function, CNAs know a dialysis patient will be on a specific diet often low sodium, fluid restriction, and avoiding high amounts of potassium, sodiuk, protein, and phosphorous.
Dialysis
the bottom blood pressure number. The resting phase of the heart.
Diastolic
Disinfectiontreatment to destroy harmful microorganisms, process that kills pathogens, but not all pathogens;
Disinfection
DNR
do not resuscitate; referring to a patient who does not want CPR done it felt unresponsive.
Domestic Abuse
physical, sexual, or emotional abuse by spouses, intimate partners, or family members.
Droplets
transmitted by direct exposure released from the mouth or nose. examples are coughing, sneezing, talking, pneumonia, influenza (flu), whooping cough, bacterial meningitis.
Dysphagia
difficulty swallowing; if a resident has difficulty with swallowing they may be placed on a special diet called a dysphagia diet.
Dyspnea
difficulty in breathing or labored respirations.
Dysuria
painful or difficult urination, notify nurse, patient may have urinary tract infection.
Edema
swelling cause by excess fluid in the body tissues;
Emisis
Vomit; the act of vomitting, or ejecting stomach contents through the mouth and/or nose.
Empathy
the capacity for seeing things from another person’s perspective; example: feelings pain for them when they are in pain; identifying with the feelings of others; entering into the feelings of others.
Emphysema
disease in which the tissues of the lungs lose elasticity; making it difficult ti breathe; chronic disease if the lungs that usually results from bronchitis and cigarette smoking.
Epilepsy
an illness of the brain that produces seizures.
Evacuation
immediate and rapid movement of people away from the threat or actual occurrence of a hazard.
Eye Glasses
lens worn to aid in vision; frames bearing lenses worn in front of the eyes, normally for vision correction.
Falls
the number one cause of injury in long term care; to come down freely from a higher to a lower position, moved by the force of gravity; to prevent falls use a gait belt or transfer belt with anyone.
False Imprisonment
unlawful restraint that affects a person’s freedom if movement; illegal confinement or restraint of a person against their will.
Fasting
not eating food or eating very little food; usually in anticipating of upcoming procedure.
Fecal Impaction
prolonged retention and build up of feces in the rectum; solid, immobile bulk of human feces that can develop in the rectum.
Feces
waste matter eliminated from the bowels; stool; bowel movement; normal BM is soft, formed, brown
Feeding
always use spoon to feed a resident/patient. Alternate food and fluid, allow time to chew and swallow. Sit down facing resident/patient when feeding; wipe their face at least once during meal; providing nutritional intake for a patient who is unable to feed self.
Financial Abuse
the improper or illegal use of a person’s money, possessions, property, or other assets.
Fire
the process of combustion of inflammable materials producing heat, light, and smoke.
Fire Safety
routine drills and training for staff on the proper use of fire extinguishers and what to do in case of fire.
FIrst Aid
emergency care given to an ill or injured person before medical help arrives.
Flatus
a reflex that expels intestinal gas through the anus.
Flexed
to bend something, to bend a joint in the body.
Flexion
bending a body part; Range of motion exercise; ensure you say the name of the exercise when performing at state.
Foley Catheter
indwelling catheter inserted through the urethra into the bladder, includes a collection system that allows urine to be drained into a bag- can remain in place for an extended time; a catheter left in the bladder so urine drains constantly into a drainage bag.
Foot Care
daily foot check for blisters, reddened ares, swelling; all aspects or preventative and corrective care of the foot.
Fowler’s
semi-sitting position; the head of the bed is raised between 45 and 60 degrees.
Fracture
any form of break or crack in the bone, open or compound means skin break and closed means the skin did not break- musculoskeletal disorder; a broken bone.
Fraud
something intended to deceive; saying or doing something to trick, fool, or deceive a person; pretending to be something or someone you are not.
Frayed Cord
wear or tearing in a cord; this could be a safety hazard and should be corrected immediately.
Free from disease
absence of disease; clean; medical asepsis, absence of microorganisms; aseptic or not having any disease.
Frequent Urination
increased need to urinate; voiding at frequent intervals.
Gait Belt
device used to transfer people from one position to another or from one thing to another. Goes over clothing, around patient’s abdomen; used at state during stand pivot transfer and ambulation with gait belt skills; the CNA should hold UNDER gait belt.
Gastric feedings
feeding provided through a tube directly into the stomach; the head of the bed should be elevated at all times.
Gastronomy tube
a surgically placed feeding tube from the exterior of the body into the stomach.
Geriatrics
medical treatment and care of old age; branch of medicine concerned with the problems and diseases of old age and older persons; the care of aging people.
Homeostasis
the name for the condition in which all the body’s systems are working at their best.
Metabolism
physical and chemical processes
____________ Are made up of groups of cells that perform a similar task
Tissues
_____ are the building blocks of the body
Cells
______ are common disease of the nervous system
Dementia and Alzheimer’s
______ is the largest organ in the body
Skin
Anterior or ventral
The front of the body or body part
Posterior or dorsal
the back of the body or body part
Superior
toward the head
Inferior
away from the head
Medial
toward the midline of the body
Lateral
to the side, away from the midline of the body
Proximal
closer to the torso
Distal
farther away from the torso.
skin is made up of
layers and tissues
skin is also called a
sense organ
Blood vessels ______ or widen, when the outside temperature is too high. This brings more blood to the body surface to cool it off.
Dilate
The same blood vessels _______ or narrow when the outside temperature is too cold. By restricting the amount of blood reaching the skin, the blood vessels help the body retain heat.
Constrict
When _______ occurs, the muscle wastes away, decreases in size, and becomes weak.
Atrophy
When _________ develops, the muscle or tendon shortens, becomes inflexible, and “freezes” in position. This cause permanent disability of the limb.
Contracture
lightheadness, swimming sensation
Dizziness
