chapter 4 Flashcards
what is the most widely practiced religion
christianity
what do sociologist argue about the protestant branch?
has the most important economic implications
who was max weber
German Sociologist, argued for a relationship between Protestantism and emergence of capitalism
what did weber say about the relationship between protestantism and capitalism
he said that [prtestant ethics says that working hard is important and frugality, which is needed to develop capitalism
what is religion
A system of shared beliefs and rituals concerned with the realm of the sacred.
what is the ethical system
A set of moral principles, or values, that are used to guide and shape behavior.
islam
Second largest religion.
Monotheistic, one true omnipotent God (Allah).
Pro-free enterprise
Earning profit through trade
Profit cannot be made through exploitation
what is islmaoc fundsmentialksim
Associated in the West with militants, terrorists. fundamentalists will sometimes say that its a source of law
A response to social pressures to move toward modernization and the influence of Western societies.
what are the economic implications of islam
islam is critical of those who own profit thrigh exploitation, have to keep someones word, cant deceit, has the mudarabah contract where Islamic bank lends money to a business
will do business with others that have similar values
what is hinduism
A moral force in society requires the acceptance of certain responsibilities, called dharma.
what is reincarnation
Rebirth into a different body, called reincarnation
what is karma
The force generated by a person’s actions held in Hinduism and Buddhism to perpetuate transmigration and in its ethical consequences to determine the nature of the person’s next existence
The universal causal law by which good or bad actions determine the future modes of an individual’s existence.
what is nirvana
Achieving a complete spiritual perfection, called nirvana.
what are the economic implications of hinduism
people;e should be judged based on their spiritual achievements, won’t engage in entrepreniyal activity, supports the caste system
what is buddihsim
Stresses spiritual growth and the afterlife, rather than involvement in this world.
what are the economical implications of Buddhism
Does not emphasize wealth creation
Economies in the Buddhist regions were dominantly localized because they believe in the natural world
Does not support the caste system—individuals have some mobility and can work with individuals from different classes
where is confucianism mainly practice
Practiced mainly in China, Korea, and Japan
what does confucianism teach the importance of
Teaches the importance of attaining personal salvation through right action
High morals, ethical conduct, and loyalty to others.
what are the economic implications of confucianism
3 values of Confucianism—loyalty, reciprocal obligations (guanaxi, aka building long term relationships )
and honesty—may all lead to lowering the cost of doing business in Confucian societies.
what is non verbal communication
refers to the use of nonverbal cues to communicate meaning
coumrteis with more than one language have more than one what
culture
what is personal space (non verbal communication)
the comfortable distance between a speaker and the listener, varies Among cultures
what is formal education
Medium through which individuals learn languages and other skills.
Socializes the young into the values and norms of a society. value and norms are taught indirectly and directly
education and business?
determines the national competitive advantage. if there are more skilled and smafrt workers, country will be more successful
what is the hidden curriculum in school
teaches respect for others, obedience to authority, honesty, neatness, timeliness.
what did Geert hofstede study
Culture and values in the workplace
what re hosfedes dimensions of culture
power distance, individualism versus collectivism , uncertainty avoidance and masculinity vs deminity and ;long term vs short term orientation
what is power distance
refers to how a society deals with the fact that people are unequal in physical and intellectual capabilities. high power distance is found in countries that let inequalities grow over time
what is individualism vs collectivism
focuses on the relationship between individuals and their fellows. in an individualist society, the ties between indovudla were loose. in collectivist societies, ties were tight
what is uncertainty avoidance
measures the extent to which different cultures socialize their members into accepting ambiguous situations and tolerating uncertainty.
what is masculinity vs feminiity
looks at the relationship between gender and work roles
what is long term vs short term orientation
Cultures demonstrating a long-term orientation emphasize preparation for the future, while cultures demonstrating a short-term orientation are more concerned with short-term gratification
what is indulgence vs restraint
Indulgence refers to a society that allows relatively free gratification of basic and natural human drives related to enjoying life and having fun
Restraint refers to a society that suppresses gratification of needs and regulates it by means of strict social norms
what were hofstedes results
Hofstede created an index score for each dimension—from 0 to 100 (100 being a high score)
Western nations tend to score high on individualism and low on power distance.
Latin American and Asian countries emphasize collectivism and score high on power distance
Japan demonstrates strong uncertainty avoidance and high masculinity.
Hofstede’s results are interesting for what they tell us in a very general way about differences among cultures. Many of Hofstede’s findings are consistent with often articulated generalizations about cultural differences
why has hofstedes research been crixtized
he assumes that there is a one to one correspondence between culture and the nation state but many countries have more than one culture
his research may have been culturally bound so there could be biases
hofsytedes informants worked not only with a single industry but also within one company IBM whjcb is known for its strong corporate culture
his research team seemed to be based on gender stereotypes
what is GLOBE
a leader’s success depends on the specific circumstances they are in and how well they understand and adapt to the cultural factors that influence their leadership. What works in one place may not work in another, and effective leaders recognize and adapt to these differences.
what is the world values servey
Explores people’s values and norms, how they change over time, and what impact they have in society and business
what is ethnocentrism
the belief in the superiority of one’s own ethnic group or culture → when you think that your culture is better than somebody else’s culture
cross cultural literacy and
we don’t want our businesses to be ill informed so yeah should employ local citizens to help them do business in a particular culture
what did edarwad t hall say about cultural differences
can cause myriad problems
what is the culture and competitive advantage
Values and norms influence costs of doing business and the costs of doing business influence ability to establish competitive advantage.
Some say culture of modern Japan lowers the cost of doing business relative to Western nations.
Suggests which countries are likely to produce the most viable competitors.
Has important business implications for the choice of countries in which to locate production facilities and do business.
why is the connect. between culture and competitive avdtanteg important
Suggests which countries are likely to produce the most viable competitors.
Has important business implications for the choice of countries in which to locate production facilities and do business.
what are important implications for internatioanl business
they need to develop cross cultural literacy, connection between culture and national competitive avdtange, culture and ethics in decision making
