chapter 4

Question 1

what is the most widely practiced religion

Answer 1

christianity

Question 2

what do sociologist argue about the protestant branch?

Answer 2

has the most important economic implications

Question 3

who was max weber

Answer 3

German Sociologist, argued for a relationship between Protestantism and emergence of capitalism

Question 4

what did weber say about the relationship between protestantism and capitalism

Answer 4

he said that [prtestant ethics says that working hard is important and frugality, which is needed to develop capitalism

Question 5

what is religion

Answer 5

A system of shared beliefs and rituals concerned with the realm of the sacred.

Question 6

what is the ethical system

Answer 6

A set of moral principles, or values, that are used to guide and shape behavior.

Question 7

islam

Answer 7

Second largest religion.
Monotheistic, one true omnipotent God (Allah).
Pro-free enterprise
Earning profit through trade
Profit cannot be made through exploitation

Question 8

what is islmaoc fundsmentialksim

Answer 8

Associated in the West with militants, terrorists. fundamentalists will sometimes say that its a source of law
A response to social pressures to move toward modernization and the influence of Western societies.

Question 9

what are the economic implications of islam

Answer 9

islam is critical of those who own profit thrigh exploitation, have to keep someones word, cant deceit, has the mudarabah contract where Islamic bank lends money to a business

will do business with others that have similar values

Question 10

what is hinduism

Answer 10

A moral force in society requires the acceptance of certain responsibilities, called dharma.

Question 11

what is reincarnation

Answer 11

Rebirth into a different body, called reincarnation

Question 12

what is karma

Answer 12

The force generated by a person’s actions held in Hinduism and Buddhism to perpetuate transmigration and in its ethical consequences to determine the nature of the person’s next existence
The universal causal law by which good or bad actions determine the future modes of an individual’s existence.

Question 13

what is nirvana

Answer 13

Achieving a complete spiritual perfection, called nirvana.

Question 14

what are the economic implications of hinduism

Answer 14

people;e should be judged based on their spiritual achievements, won’t engage in entrepreniyal activity, supports the caste system

Question 15

what is buddihsim

Answer 15

Stresses spiritual growth and the afterlife, rather than involvement in this world.

Question 16

what are the economical implications of Buddhism

Answer 16

Does not emphasize wealth creation
Economies in the Buddhist regions were dominantly localized because they believe in the natural world
Does not support the caste system—individuals have some mobility and can work with individuals from different classes

Question 17

where is confucianism mainly practice

Answer 17

Practiced mainly in China, Korea, and Japan

Question 18

what does confucianism teach the importance of

Answer 18

Teaches the importance of attaining personal salvation through right action
High morals, ethical conduct, and loyalty to others.

Question 19

what are the economic implications of confucianism

Answer 19

3 values of Confucianism—loyalty, reciprocal obligations (guanaxi, aka building long term relationships )
and honesty—may all lead to lowering the cost of doing business in Confucian societies.

Question 20

what is non verbal communication

Answer 20

refers to the use of nonverbal cues to communicate meaning

Question 21

coumrteis with more than one language have more than one what

Answer 21

culture

Question 22

what is personal space (non verbal communication)

Answer 22

the comfortable distance between a speaker and the listener, varies Among cultures

Question 23

what is formal education

Answer 23

Medium through which individuals learn languages and other skills.
Socializes the young into the values and norms of a society. value and norms are taught indirectly and directly

Question 24

education and business?

Answer 24

determines the national competitive advantage. if there are more skilled and smafrt workers, country will be more successful

Question 25

what is the hidden curriculum in school

Answer 25

teaches respect for others, obedience to authority, honesty, neatness, timeliness.

Question 26

what did Geert hofstede study

Answer 26

Culture and values in the workplace

Question 27

what re hosfedes dimensions of culture

Answer 27

power distance, individualism versus collectivism , uncertainty avoidance and masculinity vs deminity and ;long term vs short term orientation

Question 28

what is power distance

Answer 28

refers to how a society deals with the fact that people are unequal in physical and intellectual capabilities. high power distance is found in countries that let inequalities grow over time

Question 29

what is individualism vs collectivism

Answer 29

focuses on the relationship between individuals and their fellows. in an individualist society, the ties between indovudla were loose. in collectivist societies, ties were tight

Question 30

what is uncertainty avoidance

Answer 30

measures the extent to which different cultures socialize their members into accepting ambiguous situations and tolerating uncertainty.

Question 31

what is masculinity vs feminiity

Answer 31

looks at the relationship between gender and work roles

Question 32

what is long term vs short term orientation

Answer 32

Cultures demonstrating a long-term orientation emphasize preparation for the future, while cultures demonstrating a short-term orientation are more concerned with short-term gratification

Question 33

what is indulgence vs restraint

Answer 33

Indulgence refers to a society that allows relatively free gratification of basic and natural human drives related to enjoying life and having fun
Restraint refers to a society that suppresses gratification of needs and regulates it by means of strict social norms

Question 34

what were hofstedes results

Answer 34

Hofstede created an index score for each dimension—from 0 to 100 (100 being a high score)
Western nations tend to score high on individualism and low on power distance.
Latin American and Asian countries emphasize collectivism and score high on power distance
Japan demonstrates strong uncertainty avoidance and high masculinity.
Hofstede’s results are interesting for what they tell us in a very general way about differences among cultures. Many of Hofstede’s findings are consistent with often articulated generalizations about cultural differences

Question 35

why has hofstedes research been crixtized

Answer 35

he assumes that there is a one to one correspondence between culture and the nation state but many countries have more than one culture
his research may have been culturally bound so there could be biases
hofsytedes informants worked not only with a single industry but also within one company IBM whjcb is known for its strong corporate culture
his research team seemed to be based on gender stereotypes

Question 36

what is GLOBE

Answer 36

a leader’s success depends on the specific circumstances they are in and how well they understand and adapt to the cultural factors that influence their leadership. What works in one place may not work in another, and effective leaders recognize and adapt to these differences.

Question 37

what is the world values servey

Answer 37

Explores people’s values and norms, how they change over time, and what impact they have in society and business

Question 38

what is ethnocentrism

Answer 38

the belief in the superiority of one’s own ethnic group or culture → when you think that your culture is better than somebody else’s culture

Question 39

cross cultural literacy and

Answer 39

we don’t want our businesses to be ill informed so yeah should employ local citizens to help them do business in a particular culture

Question 40

what did edarwad t hall say about cultural differences

Answer 40

can cause myriad problems

Question 41

what is the culture and competitive advantage

Answer 41

Values and norms influence costs of doing business and the costs of doing business influence ability to establish competitive advantage.
Some say culture of modern Japan lowers the cost of doing business relative to Western nations.
Suggests which countries are likely to produce the most viable competitors.
Has important business implications for the choice of countries in which to locate production facilities and do business.

Question 42

why is the connect. between culture and competitive avdtanteg important

Answer 42

Suggests which countries are likely to produce the most viable competitors.
Has important business implications for the choice of countries in which to locate production facilities and do business.

Question 43

what are important implications for internatioanl business

Answer 43

they need to develop cross cultural literacy, connection between culture and national competitive avdtange, culture and ethics in decision making