Chapter 4

Question 1

Socialization

Answer 1

Lifelong process by which people learn the attitudes, values and behaviors appropriate for members of a particular culture

Question 2

Cultural Knowledge

Answer 2

Learned in interaction with others

Question 3

Agents of Socialization

Answer 3

Groups in which socialization takes place
- Family: they teach you to tie shoes & know difference between right and wrong
- School: includes coaching/piano lessons, teaches you to read & to learn to value being evaluated
- Peer groups: teach you appropriate gender roles & how to be chill
- Mass media/social media: teach you the weather forecast & the milk crate challenge
- The workplace: teach you workplace folkways (always stop and chat with superior) & job-specific skills
- Religion and the state: they teach you when it’s proper to start to drive/drink/retire & other rites of passage depending on religion

Question 4

Anticipatory Socialization

Answer 4

Processes of socialization in which a person rehearses for future positions, occupations, and social relationships

Question 5

Degradation Ceremony

Answer 5

An aspect of the socialization process within some total institutions, in which people are subjected to humiliating rituals

Question 6

Double Consciousness

Answer 6

The division of an individual’s identity into two or more social realities

Question 7

Dramaturgical Approach

Answer 7

A view in social interaction, popularized by Erving Goffman, in which people are seen as theatrical performers

Question 8

Face-Work

Answer 8

A term used by Erving Goffman to refer to the efforts people make to maintain the proper image and avoid public embarrassment

Question 9

Gender Role

Answer 9

Expectations regarding the proper behavior, attitudes, and activities of males and females

Question 10

Generalized Other

Answer 10

A term used by George Herbert Mead to refer to the attitudes, viewpoints, and expectations of society as a whole that a child takes into account in his or her behavior

Question 11

Looking-Glass Self

Answer 11

A concept used by Charles Horton Cooley that emphasizes the self as the product of our social interactions

Question 12

Resocialization

Answer 12

The process of discarding former behavior patterns and accepting new ones as part of a transition into one’s life

Question 13

Rite of Passage

Answer 13

A ritual marking the symbolic transition from one social position to another

Question 14

Role Taking

Answer 14

The process of mentally assuming the perspective of another and responding from that imagined viewpoint

Question 15

Self

Answer 15

According to George Herbert Mead, a distinct identity that sets us apart from others

Question 16

Mead’s Stages of the Self

Answer 16

• Preparatory: the child imitates the behaviors of others
• Play: the child begins to formulate role expectations (playing house, cops and robbers, etc)
• Game: The child learns there are rules that specific the proper and correct relationship among the players

Question 17

Significant Other

Answer 17

A term used by George Herbert Mead to refer to an individual who is most important in the development of the self, such as a parent, friend, or teacher

Question 18

Socialization

Answer 18

The lifelong process in which people learn the attitudes, values, and behaviors appropriate for members of a particular culture

Question 19

Total Institution

Answer 19

A term coined by Erving Goffman to refer to an institution that regulates all aspects of a person’s life under a single authority, such as a prison, the military, a mental hospital, or a convent

Question 20

Charles Horton Cooley

Answer 20

By studying everyday social interactions between people, one could begin to better understand why people behave as they do

Question 21

George Herbert Mead

Answer 21

Theory of the emergence of mind and self out of the social process of significant communication has become the foundation of the symbolic interactionist school of sociology and social psychology

Question 22

Freud

Answer 22

Natural impulses versus “societal constraints” - people are in constant conflict between their natural impulsive instincts and societal constraints