chapter 4

Question 1

a solution…

Answer 1

is made of a smaller quantity of one substance (solute) dissolved in a larger quantity of another substance (solvent)

Question 2

What is a solvent?

Answer 2

The substance in a solution that is in the solution that does dissolving (usually water)

Question 3

What is a solute?

Answer 3

The substance that gets disolved

Question 4

What is an aqueous solution?

Answer 4

Solutions in which water is the solvent

Question 5

what is concentration?

Answer 5

The quantity of solute present in a given quantity of soln.

Question 6

what is the formula for concentration?

Answer 6

Molarity= number of moles of solute (n)/ volume of solution in L (V)

Question 7

what is the dilution formula?

Answer 7

C1V1=C2V2

Question 8

what type of displacement reaction are preciptitation reactions?

Answer 8

Double displacement reaction

Question 9

What is the general formula of precipitation reactions?

Answer 9

AB + CD = AD + CB

Question 10

when do precipitation reactions occur?

Answer 10

When two ionic compounds are dissolved in water

Question 11

What do precipitation reactions form?

Answer 11

a new insoluble (or nearly insoluble solid)

Question 12

what is the solid that falls out of a solution called?

Answer 12

the precipitate

Question 13

Define molecular equation

Answer 13

It shows all reactants and products as if they were intact, dissociated compounds (including states of matter)

Question 14

what’s an example of a molecular equation ?

Answer 14

NaCl (aq) + AgNo3 (aq) = NaNO3 (aq) + AgCl (s)

Question 15

Define total iconic equation

Answer 15

Shows ALL soluble ionic substances dissociated into ions

Question 16

What is an example of total ionic equation?

Answer 16

Na + (aq) + Cl- (aq) + Ag+ (aq) + NO3- (aq) = Na + (aq) + NO3- (aq) + AgCl (s)

Question 17

what stays together in total ionic equations?

Answer 17

The precipitate (solids) and compounds ?

Question 18

Define spectator ions

Answer 18

Appear on both sides of the arrow. They are ions that are not involved in the chemical reaction making the precipitate.

Question 19

what are the spectator ions in ; Na + (aq) + Cl- (aq) + Ag+ (aq) + NO3- (aq) = Na + (aq) + NO3- (aq) + AgCl (s)

Answer 19

Na and NO3

Question 20

Define net ionic equations

Answer 20

Equations that focus on the reaction that generates the solid (precipitate). They do not include spectator ions.

Question 21

How can you predict if a precipitate will form?

Answer 21

1. switch ionic partners of reactants (always pair + with- )
   2.Fix formulas for new products
2. Use solubility rules to decide if a product is insoluable

Question 22

What is an acid?

Answer 22

Produces H+ ions (protons) when dissolved in water.

Question 23

What is a base?

Answer 23

Produces OH- (hydroxide) ions when dissolved in water

Question 24

What is the format for acid-base reactions?

Answer 24

acid + base = salt + water

Question 25

Acid- Base reactions form...

Answer 25

salt and water

Question 26

H+ does not exists as H+ long in water so it forms H3O

Answer 26

True

Question 27

Strong acids...

Answer 27

dissociate completely into ions in aqueous solution and they are strong electrolytes

Question 28

Weak acids...

Answer 28

Dissociate a little in aqueous solutions and are weak electrolytes.

Question 29

strong base...

Answer 29

dissociate completely into ions in aqueous solutions

Question 30

weak bases

Answer 30

dissociate very little into ions in aqueous solution

Question 31

What is an example of an acid base reaction?

Answer 31

HCl + NaOH = NaCl + H2O

Question 32

define the equivalence point

Answer 32

the point where t he mol of H= from acid equals the mol of OH from the base

Question 33

Define the end point

Answer 33

it occurs when there is a slight excess of base and the indicator changes color permenently

Question 34

What happens an a redox reaction?

Answer 34

Electrons are transferred, one element is oxidized another is reduced

Question 35

Define oxidation

Answer 35

An electron is lost

Question 36

Define reduction

Answer 36

An electron is gained

Question 37

Define reducing agent

Answer 37

The element that is oxidized is the reducing agent

Question 38

Define the oxidation agent

Answer 38

the element that is reduced.

Question 39

what is the oxidation number for atoms in their elemental form?

Answer 39

0

Question 40

what is the general format of combination reactions?

Answer 40

X+Y= Z

Question 41

What is the general format decomposition reactions?

Answer 41

Z= X+Y

Question 42

What is the general formal of single displacement reactions?

Answer 42

X+YZ = XZ+Y

Question 43

what are combustion reactions?

Answer 43

It is a redox reaction that normally combines oxygen to release heat

Question 44

What is the general format of a combustion reaction?

Answer 44

Compound + Oxygen = Carbon Dioxide+ water

Question 45

forward and reverse reactions happen...

Answer 45

at the same time