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CHEM 211 > chapter 4 > Flashcards

chapter 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

a solution…

A

is made of a smaller quantity of one substance (solute) dissolved in a larger quantity of another substance (solvent)

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2
Q

What is a solvent?

A

The substance in a solution that is in the solution that does dissolving (usually water)

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3
Q

What is a solute?

A

The substance that gets disolved

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4
Q

What is an aqueous solution?

A

Solutions in which water is the solvent

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5
Q

what is concentration?

A

The quantity of solute present in a given quantity of soln.

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6
Q

what is the formula for concentration?

A

Molarity= number of moles of solute (n)/ volume of solution in L (V)

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7
Q

what is the dilution formula?

A

C1V1=C2V2

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8
Q

what type of displacement reaction are preciptitation reactions?

A

Double displacement reaction

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9
Q

What is the general formula of precipitation reactions?

A

AB + CD = AD + CB

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10
Q

when do precipitation reactions occur?

A

When two ionic compounds are dissolved in water

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11
Q

What do precipitation reactions form?

A

a new insoluble (or nearly insoluble solid)

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12
Q

what is the solid that falls out of a solution called?

A

the precipitate

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13
Q

Define molecular equation

A

It shows all reactants and products as if they were intact, dissociated compounds (including states of matter)

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14
Q

what’s an example of a molecular equation ?

A

NaCl (aq) + AgNo3 (aq) = NaNO3 (aq) + AgCl (s)

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15
Q

Define total iconic equation

A

Shows ALL soluble ionic substances dissociated into ions

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16
Q

What is an example of total ionic equation?

A

Na + (aq) + Cl- (aq) + Ag+ (aq) + NO3- (aq) = Na + (aq) + NO3- (aq) + AgCl (s)

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17
Q

what stays together in total ionic equations?

A

The precipitate (solids) and compounds ?

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18
Q

Define spectator ions

A

Appear on both sides of the arrow. They are ions that are not involved in the chemical reaction making the precipitate.

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19
Q

what are the spectator ions in ; Na + (aq) + Cl- (aq) + Ag+ (aq) + NO3- (aq) = Na + (aq) + NO3- (aq) + AgCl (s)

A

Na and NO3

20
Q

Define net ionic equations

A

Equations that focus on the reaction that generates the solid (precipitate). They do not include spectator ions.

21
Q

How can you predict if a precipitate will form?

A
  1. switch ionic partners of reactants (always pair + with- )
    2.Fix formulas for new products
  2. Use solubility rules to decide if a product is insoluable
22
Q

What is an acid?

A

Produces H+ ions (protons) when dissolved in water.

23
Q

What is a base?

A

Produces OH- (hydroxide) ions when dissolved in water

24
Q

What is the format for acid-base reactions?

A

acid + base = salt + water

25
Q

Acid- Base reactions form…

A

salt and water

26
Q

H+ does not exists as H+ long in water so it forms H3O

A

True

27
Q

Strong acids…

A

dissociate completely into ions in aqueous solution and they are strong electrolytes

28
Q

Weak acids…

A

Dissociate a little in aqueous solutions and are weak electrolytes.

29
Q

strong base…

A

dissociate completely into ions in aqueous solutions

30
Q

weak bases

A

dissociate very little into ions in aqueous solution

31
Q

What is an example of an acid base reaction?

A

HCl + NaOH = NaCl + H2O

32
Q

define the equivalence point

A

the point where t he mol of H= from acid equals the mol of OH from the base

33
Q

Define the end point

A

it occurs when there is a slight excess of base and the indicator changes color permenently

34
Q

What happens an a redox reaction?

A

Electrons are transferred, one element is oxidized another is reduced

35
Q

Define oxidation

A

An electron is lost

36
Q

Define reduction

A

An electron is gained

37
Q

Define reducing agent

A

The element that is oxidized is the reducing agent

38
Q

Define the oxidation agent

A

the element that is reduced.

39
Q

what is the oxidation number for atoms in their elemental form?

A

0

40
Q

what is the general format of combination reactions?

A

X+Y= Z

41
Q

What is the general format decomposition reactions?

A

Z= X+Y

42
Q

What is the general formal of single displacement reactions?

A

X+YZ = XZ+Y

43
Q

what are combustion reactions?

A

It is a redox reaction that normally combines oxygen to release heat

44
Q

What is the general format of a combustion reaction?

A

Compound + Oxygen = Carbon Dioxide+ water

45
Q

forward and reverse reactions happen…

A

at the same time

46
Q
A

CHEM 211 (11 decks)

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