Chapter 4

Question 1

When two or more elements combine to form a compound…

Answer 1

an entirely new substance results

Question 2

chemical bond

Answer 2

A chemical bond is the force that holds atoms together in a compound.

Question 3

Why do chemical bonds occur

Answer 3

Chemical bonds form because they lower the potential energy of the charged particles that compose atoms.

Question 4

When does a chemical bond form

Answer 4

If the interactions lead to an overall net reduction of potential energy between the charged particles

Question 5

Chemical bonding is split into two types?

Answer 5

ionic and covalent

Question 6

ionic bond

Answer 6

The bond that forms between a metal and a nonmetal

Question 7

ionic compound

Answer 7

a regular three-dimensional array—of alternating cations and anions.

Question 8

covalent bond

Answer 8

The bond that forms between two or more nonmetals

Question 9

molecular compounds

Answer 9

A compound composed of two or more covalently bonded nonmetals

Question 10

chemical formula

Answer 10

The quickest and easiest way to represent a compound

Question 11

empirical formula

Answer 11

An empirical formula indicates the relative number of atoms of each element in a compound

Question 12

molecular formula

Answer 12

A molecular formula indicates the actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule of a compound.

Question 13

structural formula

Answer 13

A structural formula uses lines to represent covalent bonds and shows how atoms in a molecule are connected or bonded to each other

Question 14

ball-and-stick molecular model

Answer 14

represents atoms as balls and chemical bonds as sticks; how the two connect reflects a molecule’s shape.

Question 15

space-filling molecular model

Answer 15

atoms fill the space between each other to more closely represent best estimates for how a molecule might appear if scaled to visible size

Question 16

Acetate

Answer 16

C2H3O2(1-)

Question 17

Hypochlorite

Answer 17

CLO (1-)

Question 18

Carbonate

Answer 18

CO3 (2-)

Question 19

Chlorite

Answer 19

CLO2 (1-)

Question 20

Hydrogen Carbonate

Answer 20

HCO3 (1-)

Question 21

Chlorate

Answer 21

CLO3 (1-)

Question 22

hydroxide

Answer 22

OH (1-)

Question 23

Perchlorate

Answer 23

CLO4 (1-)

Question 24

Nitrite

Answer 24

NO2 (1-)

Question 25

Permanganate

Answer 25

MnO4 (1-)

Question 26

Nitrate

Answer 26

NO3 (1-)

Question 27

Sulfite

Answer 27

SO3 (2-)

Question 28

Chromate

Answer 28

CrO4 (2-)

Question 29

Hydrogen sulfite

Answer 29

HSO3 (1-)

Question 30

Dichromate

Answer 30

Cr2O7 (2-)

Question 31

Sulfate

Answer 31

SO4 (2-)

Question 32

Phosphate

Answer 32

PO4 (3-)

Question 33

Hydrogen Sulfate or bisulfate

Answer 33

HSO4 (1-)

Question 34

Hydrogen phosphate

Answer 34

HPO4 (2-)

Question 35

Cyanide

Answer 35

CN (1-)

Question 36

Dihydrogen Phosphate

Answer 36

H2PO4 (1-)

Question 37

Peroxide

Answer 37

O2 (2-)

Question 38

Ammonium

Answer 38

NH4 (1+)