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Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

A group of cells and with a common structure and function?

forms organs like the heart, liver, and lungs

A

Tissues

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2
Q

the study of tissues is?

A

Histology

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3
Q

what are the four types of tissues?

A

Epithelial tissue
Connective tissue
Muscle tissue
Nervous tissue

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4
Q

what is epithelial tissue ?

A

The sheets of cells that cover exterior surfaces of the body they line internal cavities and passageways And forms certain glands

ex. skin surfaces & hollow organs

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5
Q

what is connective tissue?

A

Binds the cells and organs of the body together and function in protection, Support, and transportation

ex. bone, tendons, and fat

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6
Q

muscle tissue?

A

Excitable, respond to stimulation and contract to cause movenment

ex. cardiac, smooth & skeletal muscle

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7
Q

what is nervous tissue?

A

excitable, carry electrochemical signals in the form of nerve impulses that communicate between different regions of the body

ex. brain, spinal cords, nerves

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8
Q

a single cell formed by the fushion of a egg and sperm

Eggsperm

A

zygote

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9
Q

the first embryonic cells are _ meaning each one has the capacity to divid, differentiate, and develop to make new organisms

A

Totipotent

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10
Q

Ectoderm

ecto =
consists of?

A

Ecto = out
consists of skin cells, neurons, and pigment cells

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11
Q

Mesoderm

meso =
comsists of?

A

Meso = middle
Consist of cardiac muscle, kidney, skeletal and smooth muscle, and red blood cells

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12
Q

Endoderm

endo =
consists of?

A

Endo = inner
consist of lung cell, thyroid cell, pancreatic cell

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13
Q

A thin layer or sheet of cells that cover the outside of the body is?

A

tissue membrane

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14
Q

what is composed of connective and epithelial, tissues line the digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive system?

A

mucous membrane

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15
Q

A epithelial membrane composed of mesodermally derived epithelium called Mesothelium that is supported by connected tissue. lines The body cavity closer to the exterior of the body is?

A

Serous membrane

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16
Q

what covers the body surface?

the skin

A

Cutaneous

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17
Q

what is formed solely from connective tissue Encapsulate organs, such as kidneys in line Movable joints

A

connective tissue membrane

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18
Q

a type of CT membrane that lines, the county of a freely movable joint?

A

Synovial membrane

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19
Q

-covers all the surfaces of the body exposed to the outside world
-lines the outside and inside of oranges
-Form glands

A

epithelial tissue

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20
Q

an epithelium that lines, hollow organs and body cavity that do not connect to the external environment?

A

endothelium

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21
Q

epithelial tissue characteristics

cells that are tightly bound together with a little extra cellular matrix

A

higher cellular

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22
Q

epithelial tissue characteristics

specialized intracellular connection between the plasma membrane and adjoining cells

A

cell junctions

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23
Q

epithelial tissue characteristic

expose apical surface and attached basal surface

A

polar

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24
Q

epithelial tissue characteristics

The base of an epithelium is bound to a basement membrane

A

attachment

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25
Q

epithelial tissue characteristics

do not have blood vessels rely on decision from tissues

A

avascular

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26
Q

epithelial tissue characteristics

A higher rate of cell replacement by stem cell

A

regeneration

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27
Q

-bodies first line of defense from chemical, physical, and biological wear and tear
-Control, permeability and allowing selective transfer of materials Across a physical barrier
-Secretion of mucus and specific chemical compounds onto their Apical surface is (secrete = release)

A

functions of epithelial tissue

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28
Q

cell to cell junctions

-no extra cellular space between the ages of cells, passage between cells is blocked
-enables the epithelium to act as a selective barrier

A

tight junction

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29
Q

cell to cell junctions

-Channel proteins of adjacent cells line up
-Allows the movement of small molecules and ions from one cell to another
-Coordinate function in large group of cells

A

Gap junctions

30
Q

cell to cell junctions

-Desmosomes
-hemidesmosomes
-Adherens

A

anchoring junctions

31
Q

attach cytoskeleton of adjecent cells

A

desmosomes

32
Q

attach a cell’s cytoskeleton to basement membrane

A

Hemidesmosomes

33
Q

another junctions

34
Q

secrete hormones into surrounding tissues to be picked up by the blood stream

anterior pituitary and thymus

A

Endocrine glands

35
Q

releases substance through ducts on body surfaces

A

Exocrine glands

36
Q

vesicles filled with the secretion or release through exocytosis at the surface and cell remains intact

saliva gland

A

Merocrine secretion

37
Q

The vesicles gather at the apical surface. The apical portion of the cell is released along the vesicles, but the cell remains intact.

mammary gland

A

Apocrine secretion

38
Q

The entire cell Ruptures to release this product, and the cell itself mobilebecomes part of the secretion

A

Holocrine secretion

39
Q

-most Diverse, about it, and wisely distributed of tissues
-Support, protects, and binds organs
-call cells, protein, fibers, and ground substanceRe

A

Connective tissue

40
Q

Surrounds the cell

can be fluid plasma of blood or mineralized and solid bone

A

ground substances

41
Q

fibers and ground substances make up?

A

extracellular matrix

42
Q

-support and connect other tissues * tendons, and ligaments
-Protection * bones & adipose tissue (fat)
-Defense * white blood cells
-Transport * blood and lymph
-Stores, fat for energy and instaulation *adipose tissue (fat)

A

connective tissue functions

43
Q

-first type of connective tissue and I developing embryo
-Source of all other connective tissue cells
-Adult CT often has _ stem cells to allow tissue repair

A

Mesenchyme

44
Q

connective tissue proper - cells

The most abundant cells secrete fibrous matrix

A

Fibroblast

45
Q

connective tissue proper-cells

cells that store lipids

A

Adipocytes

46
Q

connective tissue proper - cells

adult stem cells can differentiate into any type of connective tissue cells needed for repair of damaged tissue

A

Mesenchymal cell

47
Q

Connective tissue proper - cells

large cells enters the connective tissue matrix from blood vessels

* component of the immune system
* Ingulfs infectious agents & cellular

A

Macrophage

48
Q

release the chemicals, histamine and heparin

* component of the immune system
* Stimulate an inflammatory response

49
Q

connective tissue proper - protein

Long, straight fibers, have a great tensile strength ( won’t break under tension ) resist, stretching, and giving ligaments and tendons, the characteristics, resilience and strength

A

collagen fibers

50
Q

Connective tissue proper - protein fibers

A branching net work of fibers, abundant in the reticular tissue of the liver and spleen

A

reticular fibers

51
Q

connective tissue proper - protein fibers

contains the protein elastin, after being stretched or compressed, it will return to its original shape

A

elastic fibers

52
Q

connective tissue is divided into?

A

connective tissue – loose
Connective tissue – dense

53
Q
  • areolar CT
  • adipose CT
  • reticular CT
A

connective tissue loose

54
Q
  • regular dense CT
  • irregular dense CT
A

connective tissue dense

55
Q
  • Compact bone tissue
  • cancellous bone tissue
  • hayaline cartilage
  • fibrocartilage
  • elastic Cartilage
A

supporting connective tissue

56
Q
  • blood
  • lymph
A

fluid connective tissue

57
Q

what tissue is excitable ( response to stimulus ) and contractile ( generate a pulling force )

A

muscle tissue

58
Q

muscle cells are also called?

59
Q

-makes up 40% of your body mass
-Attached to bones
-Allow for locomotion, facial expressions, poster
-Cells are called fibers

A

Skeletal muscle

60
Q

… of skeletal muscle develop from Myoblasts derived from the mesoderm the … fuse together with other … to form multinucleated cells

61
Q

-forms the inner walls of the heart
-Cells are called cardiomyocyte

A

Cardiac muscle

62
Q

cells attached to one another with specialized cell junctions are called … who is our combination of desmosomes, adheren junctions, and gap junctions

A

intercalated discs

63
Q

found within the walls of hollow organs

ex. stomach, bladder, blood vessels

A

smooth muscle

64
Q

located in the neurons, neurogila

A

nervous tissue

65
Q

excitable, initiate and transmit electrochemical signals

66
Q

what are the three main parts of a neuron

A
  • cell body ( soma )
  • Dendrites
  • Axon
67
Q

what includes most of the cytoplasm, the organelles, and the nucleus

A

cell body ( soma )

68
Q

```

branch off the cell body and appear as thin extension

function - receive incoming action potentials

69
Q

what is a single, long extension form of the cell body

function - transmits, outgoing, action, potentials

70
Q
  • scattered around the neurons
  • do not transmit action potential
  • Responsible for Support and function of neurons
A

Glial cells

Chapter 4 (1 decks)

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