CHAPTER 4 Flashcards
_______is a useful way of obtaining
information about people’s opinions, attitudes,preferences, and behaviors simply by asking.
Survey Research
What are the two most common survey techniques in psychology research ?
Face-to-face interview
Written Questionnaires
Questions that cannot be
answered with a simple ‘yes’ or ‘no’, and
instead require the respondent to elaborate
on their points.
Open Ended Questions
Ask respondents
to choose from a predefined set of
responses, typically one-word answers
such as “yes/no”, “true/false”, or a set of
multiple-choice questions.
Closed Questions
Closed Questions is also called as_______
Structured Questions
a measurement scale, in which numbers serve as “tags” or “labels”
only, to identify or classify an object
Nominal
What are the 4 levels of measurement?
Nominal
Ordinal
Interval
Ratio
Includes statistical data type where variables are in order or rank but
without a degree of difference between categories
Ordinal
Scale that has no true zero point
Interval
Is a quantitative scale where there is a true zero and equal intervals
between neighboring points
Ratio
______are tendencies to respond to questions or test
items in specific ways, regardless of the content.
Response Styles
Response style that always selecting a particular response position
Position Preference
describing what is occurring on the surface, what is
and literally present, and as “staying close to the text.”
Manifest Content
Respondents tending to agree with whatever is said to
them.
Yea-sayers
Yea-sayers are also known as______
Response Acquiescence
____tend to disagree no matter what they are asked
Nay-sayers
Nay-sayers are also known as_____
Response Deviation
What are the 6 types of collecting survey data
Self-administered questionnaires
Mail Surveys
Computer and Internet Surveys
Telephone Surveys
Interviews
Focus Groups
a tool used for the purpose of data collection that involves the use
of paper questionnaires.
Self-administered questionnaires
A traditional survey technique in which a multi-part survey
questionnaire is mailed to a randomized sample of individuals
Mail Surveys
A surveys or questionnaires are sent over the internet to a sample
of respondents
Computer and Internet Surveys
A method of data collection wherein interviewers contact
respondents via telephone.
Telephone Surveys
A method that relies on asking questions in order to collect data
Interviews
A research method that brings together a small group of people to
answer questions in a moderated setting.
Focus Groups
_______is the extent to which the survey is consistent and
repeatable.
Reliability
_____usually refers to the extent to which a survey actually
measures the intended topic
Validity
_____is the selection of a subset of the population of interest
Sampling
_____is the entire group that you want to draw conclusions
about
Population
____is a group that is a subset of the population of
interest.
Sample of Subjects
It refers to the selection of a sample from a population, when
this selection is based on the principle of randomization, that is,
random selection or chance
Probability Sampling
A portion of whole population is selected in an unbiased way
Simple Random Sampling
A researcher may select every nth person from the population. The n is
determined by the size of the population and the desired sample size.
Systematic Random Sampling
Randomly sampling from people in each subgroup in the same proportions as
they exist in the population.
Stratified Random Sampling
A probability sampling method in which you divide a population into clusters,
such as districts or schools, and then randomly select some of these clusters as
your sample.
Cluster Sampling
The subjects are not chosen at random
Nonprobability Sampling
Researchers select samples through
predetermined quotas that are intended to reflect the makeup of
the population.
Quota Sampling
Also called accidental sampling, obtained
by using any groups who happen to be available.
Convenience Sampling
When nonrandom samples are selected
because the individuals reflect a specific purpose of the study
Purposive Sampling
Finding and recruiting participants through
referrals from existing or initial participants.
Snowball Sampling
