Chapter 4

Question 1

who was the party with the majority within the Provisional Government?

Answer 1

The Kadets led by Prince Lvov

Question 2

How was the dual authority created?

Answer 2

Mensheviks and workers representatives went to the Tauride Palace where the PG were and soon thousands joined them- soldiers and workers, to from the Petrograd Soviet

Question 3

what was Order Number 1?

Answer 3

Issued by the Petrograd Soviet it said that all soldiers should carry out the orders of the Soviet if the PG agreed

Question 4

Why didn’t the Soviet seize power?

Answer 4

Mensheviks felt that there would still be a capitalist phase and a build up of the proletariat which was still very small in Russia, Russia’s High Command may also have intervened if they felt Soviet would seize power

Question 5

what happened in rural areas as they heard about the feb revolution?

Answer 5

1. they overthrew tsarist administrators
2. they formed large groups of Trade Unions, soldiers and peasants, some towns even declared their own republics

Question 6

which party within the dual authority supported the war (WW1)?

Answer 6

the Kadets-
1. as nationalists they felt that ceding any land to the Germans would be unacceptable
2. wanted to show support to Britain and France as they could be helpful allies in the long run

Question 7

Which party grew in popularity in the reformed PG of May 1917?

Answer 7

1. five socialist leaders were elected to the PG, to give more rep to the workers, however they were often scapegoated as they didn’t stop the war

Question 8

Who ordered the July offensive?

Answer 8

Alexander Kerensky as minister for war

Question 9

why was the July offensive such a failure?

Answer 9

1. desertions- many peasants left the army to return home, as they felt there could be a free-for-all over the land
2. morale in the army was really low, there were devastating losses already

Question 10

how long did the July offensive last?

Answer 10

3 days

Question 11

What began to happen in the countryside in June/ July 1917?

Answer 11

1. peasants began to seize land that they claimed was rightfully theirs- against the will of the PG, who had many noble and landowning supporters

Question 12

how did the PG react to peasants seizure of land?

Answer 12

1. the PG tried to crack down on lawlessness in the countryside and sent in the army, however peasants responded by refusing to send grain supplies to the cities- causing food shortages

Question 13

what did National minorities demand from the PG?

Answer 13

the Finns and The Poles demanded independence and Ukrainians wanted self government- the socialist members of the PG granted this to them which angered the Kadets

Question 14

what social reform did the workers demand?

Answer 14

1. increased rights
2. increased wage
3. 8 hour working day
4. end to child labour

Question 15

why was the worker’s demand for social reform such a problem?

Answer 15

workers were unyielding in their demands, if factory owners couldn’t meet them their was strike action, and if they did they often went bankrupt

Question 16

what state was the economy in by mid 1917?

Answer 16

1. poor harvest and peasant boycott led to bread shortages in the cities
2. over 100,000 workers had lost their jobs in Petrograd
3. workers demands that the PG arrest profiteers and fix prices to stop inflation were ignored

Question 17

when did Lenin set up the Cheka?

Answer 17

December 1917

Question 18

how many seats did the Bolsheviks win in the 1917 constituent assembly?

Answer 18

175 compared to 410 won by the SRs