Chapter 4

Question 1

Unitary Government

Answer 1

is the government that does not have state governments
All Important power lies within the national government

Question 2

Advantages of Unitary Government

Answer 2

-The national direction is clear
-There can be no confusion as to accountability
-Avoiding duplication of legislatures, bureaucracies, and programs that leads to savings in costs
-Fairness in raising and spending money.

Question 3

Federal Government

Answer 3

There is a national government, and a number of state governments, and local governments
Power is shared between them.

Question 4

Advantages of Federal Government

Answer 4

It has a greater scope in diversity, and experimentation in policy
-The need to debate issues rather than enact them immediately may provide a more considered and viable policy outcome
-It considers the different ethnic and cultural groupings that may predominate in particular state and want to reach cultural and social power.
-It encourages regional participation in government unlike the unitary system.
-More representation and allowance of weaker groups and minorities.

Question 5

Confederation Government

Answer 5

are inherently weak as central governments
Power rests with the sovereign state governments, and an overreaching government has some defined powers (EU)

Question 6

Why Federations are Formed?

Answer 6

1) Different states have the same goal and interest in autonomy.
2)Large Geographic Size
3) Cultural and Social Heterogeneity

Question 7

Features of federalism

Answer 7

1) A written constitution that divides the government powers between national and regional states.
2) Level of government exercising power directly to citizens
3) A constitutional distribution of power that cannot be changed by one side of the government alone

Question 8

Constitutional Arbiter

Answer 8

someone or some entity responsible for interpreting and applying a country’s constitution.

Question 9

Intergovernmental Relations

Answer 9

The sharing of sovereignty between central and peripheral institutions.

Question 10

Layer Cake View

Answer 10

Viewing the levels of government is separate and on top of the other

Question 11

Marble Cake View

Answer 11

the reality that governments are cooperative through intermingling activities through the different levels.

Question 12

Dynamic Federalism

Answer 12

refers to a system where the federal government and state governments share powers and responsibilities and are constantly evolving their roles based on changing circumstances and needs.

Question 13

Dual Federalism

Answer 13

19th Century Concept
No longer optional
Functions and responsibilities of the federal and state government are separated
The absence of cooperation between the jurisdiction means that an outlaw could simply evade capture by simply crossing to another state

Question 14

Characteristics of Dual Federalism

Answer 14

1) The national government can only use powers stated in the constitution
2)The national government has a limited purpose set by the constitution
3) Each government unit is sovereign in its own sphere.
4)The relationship between states and the nation are characterized by tension rather than cooperation

Question 15

Cooperative Federalism

Answer 15

National Government, states, and local government are cooperating to solve problems(cooperation instead of tension)
Has a horizontal dimension (state to state interaction)

Question 16

Cooperative Federalism Characteristics

Answer 16

National and state agencies undertake government functions jointly rather than exclusively.
The nations and states share power.
Power is not concentrated at any government level

Question 17

Creative Federalism

Answer 17

Joint planning and decision making between government and private sector
Main Feature: Directed federal grants to cities frequently by passing state governments entirely

Question 18

New Federalism

Answer 18

Decentralize government functions by returning power and responsibility to states
The transfer of power from central to local authority

Question 19

New New Federalism

Answer 19

emphasizes the need for increased collaboration and partnership between the federal government and the states