Chapter 4

Question 1

What is culture

Answer 1

the collection of beliefs, values, behaviors, customs, and attitudes that distinguish one society from another

Question 2

What are 4 characteristics of culture?

Answer 2

learned behavior, shared, adaptive. and interrelated elements

Question 3

What does it mean for culture to be a learned behavior inter-generationally and intra-generationally

Answer 3

inergenerationally is passed on from generations

intragenrationally is passed on from peer groups

Question 4

What does it mean to have interrelated elements?

Answer 4

example would be Japan child rearing practices

Question 5

What does adaptive culture mean?

Answer 5

changes to external forces ex. WWII

Question 6

What does it mean for culture to be shared?

Answer 6

creates boundaries between those who share and dont share a culture

Question 7

Ethnocentricism

Answer 7

is the belief in the superiority of one’s own ethnic group or culture

Question 8

What are the 5 elements of culture?

Answer 8

social structure, values/attitudes, language, communication, and religion

Question 9

When looking at social structure what are 3 arean we look at?

Answer 9

individual, family and group: how individualistic are they?, what is the family unit?, group-hiring-nepotism?

Question 10

Chinese Guanxi

Answer 10

reciprocal exchange of favors “good connections”

Question 11

Also included in social structure is social stratification and mobility. Define these.

Answer 11

the categorization of people based on their education, birth, occupation, etc
Social mobility is the ability of an individual to move from one stratum of society to another

Question 12

Language _______ the way people ____________.

Answer 12

organizes; think about the world

Question 13

How may languages and dialects are there?

Answer 13

3000, 10000

Question 14

What signals diversity in a culture?

Answer 14

more than one language

Question 15

What is Lingua Franca?

Answer 15

third or “link” language that is understood by 2 parties who speak different languages

Question 16

What are the 4 approaches to translating names of companies?

Answer 16

no adopt, sound adoption, meaning adoption, dual adoption

Question 17

What is backtranslation?

Answer 17

translating a foreign language version back into the original language by a different person who made the original translation

Question 18

Different cultures use different cultural ______ to encode and decode a message.

Answer 18

filters

Question 19

how much in communicated non verbally?

Answer 19

80-90%

Question 20

What are forms of nonverbal communication?

Answer 20

facial expressions, hand gestures, intonation, eye contact, time symbolism, physical contact, architecture/interior design, greeting, interpersonal distance body positioning and body posture

Question 21

How does religion shape a society’s culture?

Answer 21

it shapes the attitudes its people have toward work, consumption, individual responsibility, and planning for the future

Question 22

Protestant ethic v. Hinduism

Answer 22

hard work ethic and frugality vs. spiritual attainment

Question 23

Islam places emphasis on what?

Answer 23

an individuals obligation to society-in business you are expected to act justly

Question 24

Values

Answer 24

are the principles and standards accepted by the members

Question 25

Attitudes

Answer 25

encompass the actions, feelings, and thoughts that result from those values

Question 26

What are 4 factors influencing the values and attitudes of a culture?

Answer 26

time, age, education, and status

Question 27

What is our guide to manners?

Answer 27

1. Don’t rush familiarity
2. Adapt to personal space
3. Respect religious values
4. Give and receive business cards carefully
5. Use comedy sparingly
6. Watch your body language
7. Understand the importance of “saving face”

Question 28

What are the three theories of culture?

Answer 28

Hall’s low context high context approach
Cultural cluster approach
Hostesses five dimensions

Question 29

What is Hall’s high context low context approach?

Answer 29

An approach to understanding communication based on the relative emphasis on verbal and nonverbal cues to change transmit meaning

Question 30

High context culture

Answer 30

The context in which the conversation occurs is just as important as the words that are actually spoken
Ex. Show up to court with lawyer

Question 31

Low context

Answer 31

The words used by the speaker explicitly convey the speakers message to the listener

Question 32

What is the cultural cluster approach?

Answer 32

An approach to understanding communication based on meaningful clusters of countries that share similar cultural values

Question 33

What are Hofstede’s Five Dimensions?

Answer 33

Social orientation, power orientation, certainty orientation, goal orientation, time orientation

Question 34

Social orientation

Answer 34

Relative importance of interest of the individual versus interest of the group

Question 35

Power orientation

Answer 35

Police about the appropriateness of power/authority within organizations

Question 36

Uncertainty orientation

Answer 36

Emotional response to uncertainty and change

Question 37

Goal orientation

Answer 37

What motivates people to achieve different goals

Question 38

Time orientation

Answer 38

The extent to which members of a culture adopt a long-term or short-term outlook on work and life