Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

traits controlled by more than one gene

A

polygenic traits

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2
Q

phenotypic variation not represented by distinct classes. tend to show phenotypes that are a continuity between two extremes.

A

continous phenotype

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3
Q

traits controlled by one or more gene and show significant interactions with the environment

A

multifactorial traits

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4
Q

phenotypic variation in which the phenotypes fall into distinct classes, such as tall vs short or yellow vs green

A

Discontinous phenotype

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5
Q

used to describe traits such as obesity, that appear to have a genetic and environmental components, but the genetic component is not fully yet understood

A

complex traits

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6
Q

chromosome which has two genes that code for eye color

A

Chromosome 15

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7
Q

chromosome which has a single gene that codes for eye color

A

Chromosome 15, bey 1 gene

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7
Q

trait that has at least 3 and probably more genes that code for it’s phenotype

A

Human eye color

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8
Q

hormone found in the brain, platelets, digestive tract and pineal gland. acts as both neurotransmitter and vasoconstrictor. lack of has been linked to depression

A

Serotonin

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9
Q

has a single allele that codes for brown

A

Chromosome 15, bey 1 gene

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10
Q

has two alleles, one codes for brown and one for blue

A

Chromosome 15, bey 2 gene

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11
Q

has two alleles, one for green and one for blue

A

Chromosome 19

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12
Q

the percent of factors, genetics and environmental that can cause the expression of a phenotype

A

liablity

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13
Q

the point at which the combination of genetic and environmental factors cause phenotype to be expressed

A

threshold of liability

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14
Q

used to study traits such as cleft palate and clubbed foot, that are multifactorial but that express themselves with a discontinuous distribution

A

threshold molecule

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15
Q

site or position on a chromosome where a particular gene or DNA sequence reside

A

loci

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16
Q

the tendency for offspring of parents of the one extreme or the other of a phenotype to be closer to the mean phenotype than their parents

A

regression to the mean

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17
Q

triangular areas of a fingerprint where ridge patterns diverge

A

triradii

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18
Q

an expression of how much of the observed variation in a phenotype is due to differences in genotype

A

Heritability

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19
Q

phenotypic variation among individuals due to different genotypes

A

genetic variance

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20
Q

phenotypic variation among individuals with the same genotype

A

environmental variance

21
Q

disease of the heart and associated blood vessels

A

cardiovascular disease

22
Q

systolic pressure that is consistently over 140 mm Hg and or diastolic pressure over 90mm Hg

A

essential hypertension

23
Q

the amount of similarity in phenotypes between individuals

A

concordance

24
have a correlation coefficient of 1.0
monozygote twins
25
have a correlation coefficient of .5
dizygote twins
26
pressure of the systemic circuit when the ventricles are relaxed
diastolic pressure
27
pressure of the systemic circuit when the ventricles are contracting
systolic pressure
28
hormone produced by liver which controls the amount of salt and water reabsorbed into the blood by the kidney
angiotensinogen (AGT)
29
build up of plaque along the walls of blood vessels resulting in decreased or stoppage of blood flow
arteriosclerosis
30
caused by an imbalance of the amount of lipids and the breakdown and excretion of the lipids. results in an elevated level of cholesterol in the blood stream
Hypercholesterolemia
31
pigment found within cells of the epidermis of the skin which determine skin hue
melanin
32
type of melanin that is brown/black in color
Eumelanin
33
type of melanin that is red/ yellow in color
pheomelanin
34
composed of 40% cholesterol
low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
35
composed of 20% cholesterol
High-density lipoprotein (HDL)
36
heart attack
myocardial infarctions
37
has two types, one that is good and removes cholesterol laden molecules from the blood stream and one that does the same job, but can cause inflammation of the blood vessel lining
High-density lipoprotein (HDL)
38
carries cholesterol to tissues and organs
low density lipoprotein (LDL)
39
"good cholesterol"
High-density lipoprotein (HDL)
40
"bad cholesterol"
low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
41
results in a non functioning portion of the heart
myocardial infarction
42
based heavily on reading, vocab, and problem solving
IQ and genes
43
gene located on chromosome 6, associated with developmental dyslexia
omim 600202
44
gene located on chromosome 4, associated with cognitive (reasoning) ability
omim 603783
45
heritability of .6 to .8
Heritability of intelligence
46
cells found within the epidermal skin layer that receive melanosomes from the melanin producing cells
keratinocytes (basal cell karalinocytes)
47
number of these organelles found within specialized basal cells of the epidermal skin layer that determine skin color hue
melanosomes
48
melanin producing cells of the skin
melanocytes
49
organelles that produce and store melanin
melanosomes