Chapter 4 Flashcards
(31 cards)
Acid
species that produces H+ ions when dissolved in water
Acid-Base Neutralization reaction
any reaction that occurs between an acid and a base
activity series of metals
metals listed in a chart from top to bottom (top being best reducing agents in aqueous solutions)
base
any species that produces OH- ions in water
concentration
measure of the quantity of solute dissolved in a given quantity of solution/ solvent
dynamic equilibrium
forward and reverse reactions are taking place at the same rate so there is no net charge in the amount of reactants or products
electrolyte
end point
point in a titration where the solution changes color permanently
equivalence point
point in a titration where the moles of added species stoichiometrically equals the amount of moles of the other species
hydronium ion
H3O+ proton covalently bonded to a water molecule
metathesis reaction / double displacement reaction
atoms/ ions swap bonding partners
ex: anion1cation1 + anion2cation2 –> anion1cation2 + anion2cation1
molarity
unit of concentration (mols/L)
molecular equation
net ionic equation
Chemical equation where spectator ions have been eliminated
nonelectrolyte
a substance whose aqueous solution does not conduct an electric current
oxidation
loss of electrons by a species –> increase in oxidation number
oxidation number
oxidation reduction / redox reactions
a reaction where there is a net movement of electrons from one reactant to another
transfer of electrons between reactants
oxidizing agent
the reactant that was reduced, it accepts electrons
polar molecule
a molecule with unequal distribution of charge as a result of its polar bonds and shapes
precipitate
insoluble products/ solid of a precipitation reaction
precipitation reaction
a reaction which two soluble reactants from an insoluble product
reducing agent
substance that donates electrons in a redox reaction –> increase in oxidation number
reduction
gain of electrons in a species –> decreased oxidation number
