Chapter 4 Flashcards

(31 cards)

1
Q

Acid

A

species that produces H+ ions when dissolved in water

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2
Q

Acid-Base Neutralization reaction

A

any reaction that occurs between an acid and a base

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3
Q

activity series of metals

A

metals listed in a chart from top to bottom (top being best reducing agents in aqueous solutions)

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4
Q

base

A

any species that produces OH- ions in water

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5
Q

concentration

A

measure of the quantity of solute dissolved in a given quantity of solution/ solvent

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6
Q

dynamic equilibrium

A

forward and reverse reactions are taking place at the same rate so there is no net charge in the amount of reactants or products

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7
Q

electrolyte

A
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8
Q

end point

A

point in a titration where the solution changes color permanently

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9
Q

equivalence point

A

point in a titration where the moles of added species stoichiometrically equals the amount of moles of the other species

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10
Q

hydronium ion

A

H3O+ proton covalently bonded to a water molecule

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11
Q

metathesis reaction / double displacement reaction

A

atoms/ ions swap bonding partners

ex: anion1cation1 + anion2cation2 –> anion1cation2 + anion2cation1

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12
Q

molarity

A

unit of concentration (mols/L)

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13
Q

molecular equation

A
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14
Q

net ionic equation

A

Chemical equation where spectator ions have been eliminated

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15
Q

nonelectrolyte

A

a substance whose aqueous solution does not conduct an electric current

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16
Q

oxidation

A

loss of electrons by a species –> increase in oxidation number

17
Q

oxidation number

18
Q

oxidation reduction / redox reactions

A

a reaction where there is a net movement of electrons from one reactant to another

transfer of electrons between reactants

19
Q

oxidizing agent

A

the reactant that was reduced, it accepts electrons

20
Q

polar molecule

A

a molecule with unequal distribution of charge as a result of its polar bonds and shapes

21
Q

precipitate

A

insoluble products/ solid of a precipitation reaction

22
Q

precipitation reaction

A

a reaction which two soluble reactants from an insoluble product

23
Q

reducing agent

A

substance that donates electrons in a redox reaction –> increase in oxidation number

24
Q

reduction

A

gain of electrons in a species –> decreased oxidation number

25
salt
ionic compound that results from an acid base reaction after solvent is removed
26
solute
substance that dissolves in the solvent
27
solvated
surrounded closely by solvent molecules
28
solvent
substance which one or more solutes dissolve
29
spectator ion
an ion apart of the reactant but not involved in the chemical change
30
titration
31
total ionic equation
equation of an aqueous reaction that shows all the soluble ionic substances dissociated into ions