Chapter 4

Question 1

Acid

Answer 1

species that produces H+ ions when dissolved in water

Question 2

Acid-Base Neutralization reaction

Answer 2

any reaction that occurs between an acid and a base

Question 3

activity series of metals

Answer 3

metals listed in a chart from top to bottom (top being best reducing agents in aqueous solutions)

Question 4

base

Answer 4

any species that produces OH- ions in water

Question 5

concentration

Answer 5

measure of the quantity of solute dissolved in a given quantity of solution/ solvent

Question 6

dynamic equilibrium

Answer 6

forward and reverse reactions are taking place at the same rate so there is no net charge in the amount of reactants or products

Question 7

electrolyte

Question 8

end point

Answer 8

point in a titration where the solution changes color permanently

Question 9

equivalence point

Answer 9

point in a titration where the moles of added species stoichiometrically equals the amount of moles of the other species

Question 10

hydronium ion

Answer 10

H3O+ proton covalently bonded to a water molecule

Question 11

metathesis reaction / double displacement reaction

Answer 11

atoms/ ions swap bonding partners

ex: anion1cation1 + anion2cation2 –> anion1cation2 + anion2cation1

Question 12

molarity

Answer 12

unit of concentration (mols/L)

Question 13

molecular equation

Question 14

net ionic equation

Answer 14

Chemical equation where spectator ions have been eliminated

Question 15

nonelectrolyte

Answer 15

a substance whose aqueous solution does not conduct an electric current

Question 16

oxidation

Answer 16

loss of electrons by a species –> increase in oxidation number

Question 17

oxidation number

Question 18

oxidation reduction / redox reactions

Answer 18

a reaction where there is a net movement of electrons from one reactant to another

transfer of electrons between reactants

Question 19

oxidizing agent

Answer 19

the reactant that was reduced, it accepts electrons

Question 20

polar molecule

Answer 20

a molecule with unequal distribution of charge as a result of its polar bonds and shapes

Question 21

precipitate

Answer 21

insoluble products/ solid of a precipitation reaction

Question 22

precipitation reaction

Answer 22

a reaction which two soluble reactants from an insoluble product

Question 23

reducing agent

Answer 23

substance that donates electrons in a redox reaction –> increase in oxidation number

Question 24

reduction

Answer 24

gain of electrons in a species –> decreased oxidation number

Question 25

salt

Answer 25

ionic compound that results from an acid base reaction after solvent is removed

Question 26

solute

Answer 26

substance that dissolves in the solvent

Question 27

solvated

Answer 27

surrounded closely by solvent molecules

Question 28

solvent

Answer 28

substance which one or more solutes dissolve

Question 29

spectator ion

Answer 29

an ion apart of the reactant but not involved in the chemical change

Question 30

titration

Question 31

total ionic equation

Answer 31

equation of an aqueous reaction that shows all the soluble ionic substances dissociated into ions