Chapter 4 Flashcards
arithmetic overflow
an attempt to represent an integer that exceeds the maximum allowable value
code mapping
representing textual material in binary by assigning to each printable letter of symbol in our alphabet a unique number
amplitude
the height of a sound wave is a measure of its loudness
period
the time it takes for a wave to make one complete cycle
frequency
the total number of cycles per unit time measured in cycles/second, also called hertz
pitch
the highness or lowness of a sound
sampling
at fixed time interva;s, the amplitude of a signal is measured and stored as an integer value
scanning
measuring the intensity values of distinct points located at regular intervals across and image’s surface
lossless compression scheme
no information is lost during compression, and it is possible to exactly reproduce the original data
lossy compression scheme
compress data in a way that does not guarantee that all of the information in the original data can be fully and completely recreated
Information is stored in the memory of a computer using the binary numbering system
True
Two’s complement representation is a signed integer representation tat does not suffer from the problem of two zeros
True
Two’s complement will always have one more negative number than positive, which less of a problem than two kinds of zeros
True
A strictly black-and-white image as greater storage requirements than an image represented using a gray scale
False
It is not currently feasible to build a reliable decimal computer due to the degradation and signal loss inherent in current electrical system.s
True
The emitter and collecter are the two input lines of a transistor
False
To construct an AND gate, two transistors are connected in parallel
False
Every Boolean expression algorithm can be represented pictorially as a circuit diagram, and every output value in a circuit diagram can be written as a Boolean expression
True
The sum-of-products algorithm always produces a circuit, but it is not always optimal
True
A multiplexer is a circuit that has 2^n output lines
False
The binary-to-decimal algorithm is based on successive divisions by 2
False
After we normalize a number, its first significant digit is immediately to the right of the binary point
True
In an analog representation, objects can take on only specific values
False
An integrated circuit also known as a chip is mounted on a circuit board
True
The Boolean NOT is an unary operator
True
The way information is entered at a keyboard and displayed on a screen is known as the ______ of information
external representation
Using the leftmost bit of a number to represent the sign, with 0 meaning positive and 1 meaning negative is termed _______ notation
sign/magnitude
The amplitude of a sound wave is the measure of its _____
loud
The total number of _____ per second is called hertz
cycles
The _____is the number of bits used to encode each sample
bit depth
A ____ is a distinct point located in an image’s surface
pixel
____ schemes compress data in a way that does guarantee that all of the information in the original data can be fully and completely recreated
Lossy Compression
There are _____ stable states in a bistable environment
two
Transistors are constructed from ___, such as silicon and gallium arsenide
semiconductors
The ___ operation complements the value of a Boolean expression
NOT
In a ____, the values of the outputs depend only on the current values of the input
circuit
____ algorithm is a circuit construction algorithm
Sum-of-products
A _____ is a circuit that performs binary addition on two unsigned N-bit integers
full adder
A multiplexer chooses one specific input by using an additional set of N lines called ___ lines
selector
A multiplexer is a circuit that has 2^n input lines and ____ output line(s).
1
An ______ is an error condition that occurs when an operation in a computer produces an integer that exceeds the maximum allowable value
Arithmetic Overflow
Frequency is the measure of the ____, the highness or lowness of a sound
pitch
____ signals must first be digitized to be stored in the computer
analog
To construct an OR gate, 3 transistors are connected in ____.
parallel
Sequential circuits contain ___ loops
feedback
The _________ measures how many time per second the amplitude of a sound wave is sampled
sampling rate
The bit ______ is the number of bits used to encode each sample
depth
The most common format for storing color images is the _________ scheme
RGB encoding
__________ algorithms attempt to represent information in ways that preserve accuracy while using significantly less space
Data Compression
A ____________ measures how much compression schemes reduce the storage requirements of data
Compression Ratio
