Chapter 4

Question 1

What do small cells have

Answer 1

high SA:V ratio

Question 2

what benefits does a large SA:V ratio provide to the cell

Answer 2

Makes the cells more efficient and effective

Question 3

What is the benefit of having folds on the cell

Answer 3

Increases surface area

Question 4

What is the idea behind Endosymbiosis

Answer 4

Organelles (mitochondria and Chloroplasts) evolved from independent prokaryotic cells

Question 5

What do the pores in the cell Membrane do?

Answer 5

regulate what enters and exits the cell; selectively permeable

Question 6

What items are embedded in the membrane?

Answer 6

Cholesterol, Glycolipids, glycoproteins, transmembrane proteins, integral proteins and peripheral proteins.

Question 7

What does cholesterol do?

Answer 7

Helps with the fluidity of the cell

Question 8

What do glycolipids and glycoproteins do?

Answer 8

serve as identifiers (cell-cell identification)

Question 9

Transmembrane proteins

Answer 9

all the way through

Question 10

Integral proteins

Answer 10

penetrate interior

Question 11

peripheral

Answer 11

Outside only

Question 12

Where is the cell wall found

Answer 12

plants and fungi cells

Question 13

function of nucleus

Answer 13

Holds cells genetic info

Question 14

Function of nucleolus

Answer 14

region of the nucleus that makes RNA

Question 15

function of the smooth ER

Answer 15

detoxifies and synthesizes lipids

Question 16

function of the rough ER

Answer 16

-Has ribosomes
-Synthesize membrane protein

Question 17

Function of the Golgi

Answer 17

sorts and packages proteins made on rough ER

Question 18

function of vacuoles

Answer 18

storage of waste and other materials
-Central vacuole-plant cells

Question 19

Function of free-floating ribosomes

Answer 19

synthesize proteins that will stay inside the cell

Question 20

function of Lysosomes

Answer 20

-Digest foreign substances and worn out organelles
-kill pathogens
-perform apoptosis

Question 21

Function of the mitochondria

Answer 21

Cite of cellular respiration(produce ATP)

Question 22

What is the structure of the mitochondria?

Answer 22

-Double membrane with folds (cristae)
-electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation takes place along inner membrane
-matrix (Krebs cycle)

Question 23

Function of chloroplasts

Answer 23

site of photosynthesis

Question 24

What is the structure of the chloroplast

Answer 24

-Double membrane
-Grana (stack of thylakoid)
-stroma (fluid found in chloroplasts)

Question 25

What is the structure of the chloroplast

Answer 25

-Double membrane
-Grana (stack of thylakoid)
-stroma (fluid found in chloroplasts)