Chapter 4 Flashcards
electromagnetic radiation
form of energy that exhibits wavelike behavior as it travels through space
What direction do electric field waves travel?
up and down
What direction do magnetic field waves travel?
side to side
What are the four characteristics of waves?
amplitude, wavelength, frequency, speed
amplitude
height/ energy
wavelength
length of a wave
frequency
number of cycles per second
speed
distance per second
What is the electromagnetic spectrum order?
gamma > x-ray > ultraviolet > visible > infrared > micro > tv > radio
What is the order of colors according to length of wavelength? (least to greatest)
vibgyor
What happens as you go from purple to red?
wavelength increases, frequency decreases, energy decreases
What is the equation for speed?
c = λ x v
Planck’s theory
there is a restriction on how much energy an object can emit or absorb
What is Planck’s theory also known as?
quantum-fixed amount
What is the amount of energy an object can emit or absorb?
a quantum
quantum
little packet of energy
photoelectric effect
electrons ejected from metal when light shines on it
What was Einstein’s experiment?
he shined different colors of light on Na in an attempt to release an electron; red light didn’t release an electron, but violet light did
Why didn’t red light release an electron?
it didn’t have a high enough frequency; intensity doesn’t matter
photon
quantum; bundle of energy
Compton effect
showed photon could collide with electrons the way balls collide
light behaves like a ___ and a ____
wave and particle
line spectrum
contains only certain colors or wavelengths
continuous spectrum
contains all colors
Bohr model
an electron can only have certain orbits corresponding to different energy levels
quantum number
labels orbits
What is the ground state? What are the excited states?
ground state is n=1; excited state is n=2, n=3, etc
How does an electron become excited?
it absorbs radiation
What happens once an electron becomes excited?
the electron falls back to its ground state and emits radiation according to different energies of each quantum level
Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle
you can’t know position and momentum of a moving object at the same time
