Chapter 4 Flashcards
All chemicals are capable of causing harm if they are
Absorbed into the human body
Particulate matter
Can be generated during the manipulation of dental materials
Aerosol
A cloud like mist containing microbes
less than 50 microns
Splatter
Small particles that contain blood,saliva,oral, particulate matter, water, and microbes
more than 50 microns
employees suffer from allergic responses, infectious diseases, and respiratory problems if…
Bio-aerosols exceed the capacity of air filtration systems
Hazardous chemical
Any chemical that has been show to cause a physical or health hazard
- can be a substance that can catch fire, react or explode when mixed with other substances, or corrosive or toxic.
The skin must be in ____ contact of a chemical for harm to happen
direct
used in the bonding for ceramic crowns and is extremely dangerous
Hydrofluoric acid
How long to flush eyes
15 minutes
BPA
Bisphenol A, used to harden plastics and to line water pipes, and metal food and beverage cans.
BPA is found in what dental materials
Polycarbonate plastics, and epoxy resins
- used is some dental sealants and composites
How to reduce BPA
- Properly cure resin (Uncured releases BPA)
- Wipe off uncured layer
- good placement technique (rubber dam, 4-handed dentistry, w/ high volume suction)
- Using High volume suction
There is a ___ health risk to dental personnel from exposure to elemental mercury
known
ADA States about amalgam
Scientific evidence supports the position that amalgam is a valuable, viable, and safe choice for dental patients.
Toxicity
the strength if a product/chemical to cause damage to the body
Acute chemical toxicity
High levels of exposure over a short time
freq. caused by a large chemical spill, sudden and unexpected
Acute chemical toxicity symptoms
Felt right away,
Dizziness, syncope, headache, nausea, and vomiting
Chronic exposure
repeated exposures, usually smaller
Chronic exposure symptoms
cancer, neurology deficits, and infertility
____ is the most important step taken to prevent diseases transmission
Hand hygiene
Procedure gloves ____ provide adequate protection when handling chemicals
do not
-treatment gloves can actually pull contaminants and chemicals through the gloves and onto the hands
What can we consult to determine compatibility
SDS
A ___should be worn when mixing or pouring chemicals
A rubber or neoprene apron
2 ways mercury can be absorbed
Skin and inhalation
- its important to wear utility gloves and mask to clean spills
Flash point
the lowest temp at which a vapor of a volute substance will ignite with a flash
The low flash point can catch fire easily
Many solvents used with dental materials have a very ____ flash point
low
acids used in the manipulation of dental materials
Phosphoric
hydrofluoric
hydrochloric
basic safe policy for storage
cool, dry, dark place, not exposed to direct sunlight
a waste is considered hazardous if it has
certain properties or chemicals that could pose dangers to human health and the environment after being discarded
Ignitable
flammable or combustible
Corrosive
Highly acidic, pH less than 2.0
or
Basic, pH greater than 12.5
Reactive
unstable or explosive, reacts violently with water, or is capable of giving off toxic fumes when mixed with water
Toxic
if it contains arsenic, barium, chromium, mercury, lead, silver, or certain pesticides
Microbes can survive on gypsums casts for up to
7 days
A chemical hazard communication has 5 parts
- Written hazard communication program (all workers exposed, safety info, act.)
- Chemical Inventory
- Safety data sheet (health and safety info about each chemical in the office)
- Labeling of containers
- Employee training
Fire protection label
blue- health
Red- Flammability
Yellow- reactivity
White- special hazard symbols, like “OXY” for oxidizers
