Chapter 4 Flashcards
1
Q
Who are the thinkers in this chapter? Provide a brief summary of each
A
Francis Bacon
- inductive science free of bias
Bruno (Giordano)
- Hermitism and heliocentric theory. Was burned for it.
Copernicus (nicolaus)
- heliocentric theory.
Descartes (rene)
- human behavior as mechanical
- Innate ideas
- nerves are hollow tubes containing threads leading to the ventricles of the brain filled with “animal spirits” (animal spirits= greek idea that animal spirits distinguish living from inanimate objects. Vitalist idea.)
- dualist (interactionist aka. cartesian dualism)
Erasmus
- Opposed fanaticism and superstition.
- free will advocate
Ficino (marsilio)
- Platonist, founded an academy and tried to do for Plato what the scholastics did for aristotle
Galileo (galilei)
- Disproved a number of Aristotle’s claims
- Expanded solar system to 11 bodies (telescope)
- Human perceptions are subjective, science is objective. So study of humans is beyond science
Kepler (Johannes)
- Determined elliptical paths of planets around the sun
- pioneer work in optics
Martin Luther
- Church reformer, anti-dogma/ritual/institution
- Favored Augustinian personal religion and against scholasticism
- Denied free will (debated erasmus)
- Started the reformation (led to division and war in europe)
Michel de montaigne
- Skeptic. no way to distinguish among claims of truth.
- Inspired Bacon and Descartes to answer his skepticism
Isaac Newton
- Extended Galileo’s work, showed that motion of all objects in the universe can be explained with gravitation
- Deism: God creates universe and steps away, not constantly managing and responding to prayer
Francisco Petrarch
- Father of Renaissance
- Attacked Scholasticism, urged the classics be studied as human works not as a part of church dogma
- Humanist: god created man with human potential, we should strive to use it.
Giovanni Pico
- Humans are unique among animals because they can change themselves and the world.
- All philosophical positions converge and contribute to truth
