Chapter 4

Question 1

is evident when the Earth’s natural systems are functioning in a way that sustains and enhances the flourishing of human life

Answer 1

ecological well-being

Question 2

is composed of all living and non-living things that have not been created by human technology or human activity

Answer 2

natural environment

Question 3

—which refers to the amount of the earth’s natural resources that are required to sustain a particular lifestyle or activity

Answer 3

ecological footprint

Question 4

the term used in the ecological footprint literature to measure one unit of biocapacity

Answer 4

global hectares

Question 5

FBL management is unaware of, or perhaps purposely ignores, issues related to ecological well-being or the carrying capacity of the planet, except insofar as these are reflected in financial transactions.

Answer 5

unawareness

Question 6

evident when managers are aware of the negative ecological externalities created by their organizations, but work against any efforts to address them because they fear it will decrease their own, or their organization’s, financial well-being.

Answer 6

obstruction

Question 7

a defensive approach used by managers who are aware of the negative ecological externalities created by their organizations, but do only what is legally required to address them

Answer 7

legal conformity

Question 8

which refers to using misleading information in order to present a false image of ecological responsibility

Answer 8

greenwashing

Question 9

to identify areas where there could be ecological benefits and financial savings in the overall process of how an organization sources raw materials, transforms them into new products, sells them to customers, and how they are used, maintained and disposed of by consumers.

Answer 9

life-cycle assessment

Question 10

which seeks to ensure that the material content of products at the end of their useful life can be re-used to make new products, and that new products are made from expired products

Answer 10

cradle-to-cradle design

Question 11

increase taxes on things that degrade the environment and reduce taxes on other things that you want to encourage

Answer 11

green taxes

Question 12

is evident when, without being prompted by a stakeholder or a business case to do so, managers take the initiative to seek opportunities to enhance the natural environment

Answer 12

proactiveness

Question 13

takes into account customer demand, but in addition also listens to other stakeholders, such as neighbors, business partners, and special interest groups.

Answer 13

stakeholder centrism

Question 14

which is evident when an organization’s ownership, productive activities, and resources are grounded in a specific geographic location

Answer 14

place-based organizing

Question 15

which refers to people “whose diet consists only or principally of locally grown or produced food

Answer 15

locavores