Chapter 4

Question 1

What is media

Answer 1

Media are vehicles used to transmit information in acts of communication

Question 2

Some media use is simulmedia. What does this mean?

Answer 2

Using more than one form of media simultaneously

Question 3

Part of the media’s power is its ability to _______

Answer 3

Define

Question 4

What does the media define?

Answer 4

• Boundaries between groups and communities within those groups
• Social problems and shapes public debates, indicating which people and issues we should be concerned about and why.

Question 5

What does administrative research analyze?

Answer 5

It analyzes individuals who constitute the audience and the effects of media messages

Question 6

Administrative approaches to the study of media are interested in uncovering _____________ relationships.

Answer 6

Cause and effect

Question 7

What does critical research analyze?

Answer 7

Processes of social control, structures of power, and the relationship between media and other aspects of society.

Question 8

What theory does administrative research use?

Answer 8

Positivist Theories

Question 9

What theory does critical research use?

Answer 9

Interpretive and critical theories

Question 10

Administrative research on media holds _______ under a microscope while critical holds _______.

Answer 10

the individual, society

Question 11

Does advertising have an impact in viewers?

Answer 11

Yes, when people are repeatedly exposed to advertisements, their brand recognition increases, they develop positive associations with those brands, and they subsequently intend to (and often do) purchase those specific products

Question 12

What is brand/ product replacement?

Answer 12

Inserting brand-name products into television shows, movies, or video games ex. luxury cars being in James Bond movies

Question 13

Does the media make us violent?

Answer 13

Yes. Research has shown that children that were exposed to aggressive and violent films were more like to be violent in their adult years

Question 14

Two types of research methods have been used to explore this issue. What are they?

Answer 14

Correlational research and experimental research

Question 15

What do correlational studies analyze?

Answer 15

The extent to which increases and decreases in two variables occur in conjunction with each other.

Question 16

What did correlation research find?

Answer 16

It found that on average, people who consume more media violence tend to be more aggressive. However, correlational research is not able to determine whether violent television causes aggression in viewers.

Question 17

What does experimental research do?

Answer 17

It attempts to determine the causation.

Question 18

What did experimental research find?

Answer 18

It found that, in the short term, exposure to the media violence has several effects, including lower levels of empathy, greater acceptance of aggression as a legitimate means resolving problems, and higher levels of aggressive behaviour.

Question 19

What is framing in media studies?

Answer 19

Framing refers to the way that an issue is depicted in the media

Question 20

Conflict theorists claim that powerful groups in society can perpetrate a dominant ideology and establish hegemony, thereby controlling how the society’s masses think about the world and their place in it

Answer 20

Media Ownership

Question 21

Convergence

Answer 21

Refers to media companies owning multiple forms of media

Question 22

Conglomeration

Answer 22

Refers to the trend toward media companies merging or to some companies purchasing other companies to form large multinational conglomerates

Question 23

Because of convergence and conglomeration, the structure of media ownership is characterized by ________________

Answer 23

Concentration

Question 24

Concentration

Answer 24

Where a small number of corporations control most media products

Question 25

What are the 5 types of relationships between media and deviance?

Answer 25

1. The media causes deviance (administrative)
2. The media as socially constructing deviance and normality (critical)
3. The media as a tool to commit acts of deviance (cyberdeviance/ cybercrime)
4. A media as a site where the deviance dance is played out - a site of debate, struggle, and resistance
5. The media as deviantized itself and subject to measures of social control

Question 26

Digital Piracy

Answer 26

Refers to illegally accessing music, software, and video for personal use

Question 27

Deviantizing the media means?

Answer 27

Argues that the media can be deviant too. Groups against the media.