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Software Design Arch > chapter 3B > Flashcards

chapter 3B Flashcards

1
Q

what is a DS?

A

a collection of d/t components running on d/t programing languages, OS and computer arc

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2
Q

what is the use of middleware for DSs?

A
  • is a layer b/n OS and DS applications that provides a common runtime env’t, there by providing homogeneity and abstraction
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3
Q

___________ is used to mask heterogeneity of DSs?

A

middleware

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4
Q

___________ is the SW that makes the HW usable?

A

OS

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5
Q

___________ is the SW that makes DS programmable?

A

middleware

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6
Q

what problems does middleware bring to dev’t?

A

MUM D
- more sw that has to be bought, tested and learnt by the programmer
- does not provide guarantees on bandwidth used and time taken
- marshaled code by the middleware may not be as efficient as code written by developer
- may be unwanted or unnecessary

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7
Q

what are categories of middleware?

A
  • transactional : IBM’s CICS
  • MOM : sun’s JSM
  • procedural : RPC
  • object based : comm b/n obj : CORBA, COM
  • component based : EJB
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8
Q

what is CORBA?

A

common obj req broker arch
- is a middleware platform that supports standardized OO arch for applications
- developed by OMG [ obj management group ]

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9
Q

what is OMG’s mission?

A
  • to establish industry guidelines and object management specification
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10
Q

what is the use of a broker in CORBA?

A
  • is an intermediary that facilitates communication b/n client and server
  • it separates a component’s interface from its implementation
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11
Q

what is the strong point of COBRA?

A

Its a distributed middleware, so it allows applications to communicate even if they are:
- on d/t computers
- on d/t OS
- on d/t processor
- implemented using d/t programming languages

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12
Q

explain how CORBA enhances the client server arch?

A
  • extends computing paradigms like RPC to distributed computing
  • it adds OO features: interface, messages, inheritance and polymorphism
  • an application can be both a client and a server at the same time
  • server : process that hold objects
  • client : process that makes calls to objects
  • supports both asynchronous and defered synchronous communications
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13
Q

what are the main features of CORBA?

A
  • object req broker [ ORB ]
  • stubs and skeletons
  • OMG’s interface definition language [ IDL ]
  • static and dynamic invokations
  • internet inter ORB protocol [ IIOP ]
  • object adaptors
  • interface repository
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14
Q

_____________ is the heart of CORBA?

A

object req broker

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15
Q

explain ORB.

A
  • facilitates comm b/n client and obj implementation [ code that imp the obj ]
  • requests to an obj are made using ORB
  • hides an obj’s:
  • location
  • implementation
  • comm mechanism
  • execution state
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16
Q

_____________ isolates the client and the object implementation from the ORB?

A

IDL - interface definition language

17
Q

how is remote invocation handled in CORBA?

A
  • passed from ORB of client to ORB of obj implementation
18
Q

explain interface definition language?

A
  • IDL describes an object by using its interface [ what the obj does ]
  • interface : set of named operations and their parameters
  • IDL is implementation [ how obj works ] independent and interface dependent
  • types: float, double, char, enum, string { arr, struct }
  • IDL is language independent:
    —— provides a standardized mapping to C, C++, Java ….
19
Q

_____________ are used in CORBA’s static invocations?

A

stubs and skeletons

20
Q

explain static method invokation?

A
  • is the process in w/c a client invokes operation directly on the client stub
  • the IDL compiler generates the stub and skeleton
  • the IDL compiler adds implementation code to the server and instantiates objs on the server
  • distributed system lay yalew stub skeleton diagram
21
Q

what is interface repository?

A
  • is a CORBA service that manages an object’s implementation.
  • the orb needs to know how to start an object whose interface is not known at compile time
  • dynamic method invocation
22
Q

what is dynamic method invocation?

A
  • allows CORBA clients to invoke operations on any objects with knowing the obj’s interface
  • obtains interface name and method description from the interface repository.
    Compared to static method invocation :
  • more complex
  • harder to program
  • slower
  • less robust type checking
23
Q

list services provided by CORBA?

A

ONE REQ T TCP
- object life cycle
- naming
- event
- r/n ship
- externalization
- query
- trading
- transaction
- concurrency
- property

24
Q

which CORBA service coordinates transformation of obj to and from external media?

A

externalization

25
Q

which CORBA service describes how obj created, removed, moved & copied.

A

obj life cycle

26
Q

which CORBA service decouples comm b/n objs?

A

event

27
Q

which CORBA service coordinated access to CORBA services?

A

transaction

28
Q

which CORBA service ensures serializable access to objs?

A

concurrency

29
Q

which CORBA service associates name-value pairs with objs?

A

property

30
Q

which CORBA service finds objs based on services offered by the obj?

A

trader

31
Q

what is an object adapter?

A
  • a mechanism that connects a req to the proper code that will provide services to that req
  • makes an obj available to RPCs
  • ORB uses it
    has 2 types
  • BOA, basic
  • POA, portable
32
Q

what is an internet inter ORB protocol?

A
  • there are more than 1 CORBA implementations
  • IIOP ensures that a client can communicate with a server written in a d/t ORB and supplied by a d/t vendor
33
Q

IIOP is built on top of _____________ ?

A

TCP/IP

Software Design Arch (8 decks)

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