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edX_Intro to Linux > Chapter 3_Linux Basics and System Start > Flashcards

Chapter 3_Linux Basics and System Start Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Linux Boot Process?

A

The Procedure for Initializing the System.

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2
Q

What does the Boot Process Consist of?

A

Everything that happens from when the computer power is first switched on until it is fully operational.

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3
Q

What are the steps of the boot process?

A

Power On
Boot
Master Boot (MBR) - First sector of the Hard Disk
Boot Loader (GRUB)
Kernel (Linux OS)
Initial Ram Disk (Initramfs Image)
/sbin/init (parent process)
Comand Shelf using Getty
X Window System (Graphical User Interface)

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4
Q

What is the First Step of the Boot Process?

A

BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) intializes the Hardware and tests the main hardware - called POST

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5
Q

What are some hardware that turns on during the BIOS Stage?

A

Keyboard, screen

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6
Q

What does POST mean?

A

Power on Self Test

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7
Q

Where is the BIOS system stored?

A

On a Rom Chip on the Motherboard

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8
Q

What Happens after the initial BIOS system starts?

A

The OS takes over

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9
Q

What happens when the POST is completed?

A

the system control passes from the bios to the boot loader

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10
Q

Where is the Boot Loader Stored?

A

on one of the hard disks in the system, either in the Boot Sector or the EFI partition

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11
Q

What systems is the Boot Loader stored on the Boot Sector?

A

Traditiona BIOS/MBR systems

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12
Q

What systems on the EFI partition?

A

EFI/UEFI systems

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13
Q

What does EFI stand for?

A

Extensible Firmware Interface

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14
Q

What are common Boot Loaders for Linux?

A

GRUB (Grand Unified Boot Loader)
ISOLINUX (Boots removable media)
DAS U-Boot (boots embedded devices)

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15
Q

What is the boot loader responsible for?

A

Loading the Kernel Image and
the initial RAM disk or FILESYSTEM into memory

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16
Q

How many stages does the Boot Loader have?

A

2

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17
Q

What is the First stage for a BIOS/MBR system?

A

the boot loader resides at the first sector of the hard disk - also known as the MASTER BOOT RECORD (MBR)

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18
Q

What does MBR stand for?

A

Master Boot Loader

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19
Q

What is the size of the MBR

A

512 Bytes

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20
Q

What does the Boot Loader Examine?

A

The Partition Table and finds a bootable partition

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21
Q

What happens when it finds a bootable partition?

A

it searches for the secondary loader (GRUB) and loads it into Ram

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22
Q

What does GRUB stand for?

A

GRand Unified Bootloader

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23
Q

What is the Second Stage?

A

Residing under /boot a splash screen is displayed asking us to choose an OS to boot

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24
Q

What happens after the BootLoader chooses the OS?

A

loads the Kernel of the OS into RAM and passes control to the Kernel.

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25
Q

Typically, what is the first job of the kernal?

A

Kernel;s are almost always compressed, so its first job, is to uncompress

26
Q

Typically, what happens when the kernel uncompresses?

A

it will check and analyze the system hardware and the device drivers built into the kernel

27
Q

What is the First Boot Loader Stage in an EFi SYStem?

A

Firmware reads its Boot Manager data to determine which UEFI application is to be launched.

28
Q

What is the step after the BootLoader chooses the OS?

A

The initiramfs contains the necessary prgrams and binary files that perform the actions to mount the proper root filesystem

29
Q

What does initiramfs mean?

A

Initial Ram Filesystem

30
Q

What does UDEV mean?

A

User Device

31
Q

What is the UDEV responsible for?

A

figuring out which devices are present, locating the device drivers they need to operate properly, and loads them!

32
Q

What happens after the root filesystem is found?

A

The system checks for errors and is mounted.

33
Q

What does the mount system instruct?

A

the operating system that a filesystem is ready for use, and finds the MOUNT POINT

34
Q

What happens if the mount is successful?

A

The initi file is cleared from the ram and the init program on thye root filesystem is executed

35
Q

what is the root filesystem?

A

/sbin/init

36
Q

What does INIT stand for?

A

handles the mounting and povoting of the fiunal real root system files.

37
Q

What are the initiramfs associated with?

A

Programs and Binary Files

38
Q

What are the programs and binary files associated with?

A

mounting proper root system
providing kernal functionality
locating devices
locatingf and loading drivers
checking for error in root filesystem

39
Q

What does MBR stand for?

A

Master Boot Record

40
Q

What does BIOS stand for?

A

Basic Input/Output System

41
Q

What is the default command shell?

A

Bash

42
Q

What start up software is used by most new distributions?

A

SystemD

43
Q

Why systemd?

A

Because, it can boot using aggresive parallel feautures, and not as sequential steps

44
Q

What is a partition?

A

physcially contiguous section of a disk

45
Q

/bin/

A

Essential user interface commands

46
Q

/boot/

A

static files of the boot loader

47
Q

/dev/

A

device files

48
Q

/etc/

A

host specific system configutation

49
Q

/home/

A

user home directories

50
Q

/lib/

A

essential shared libraries and kernel modules

51
Q

/media/

A

mount point for removable media

52
Q

/mnt/

A

mount point for temporary mounted filesystems

53
Q

/opt/

A

add on application software packages

54
Q

/sbin/

A

system binaries

55
Q

/srv/

A

data services provdied by the system

56
Q

/tmp/

A

Temporary files

57
Q

/usr/

A

multi user ultilites and applications

58
Q

/var/

A

variable files

59
Q

/root/

A

home directory for the root user

60
Q

/proc/

A

virtual filesytem documenbting kernal and process status of text files

edX_Intro to Linux (4 decks)

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