Chapter 39 Antibiotics Part 2

Question 1

Aminoglycosides

Answer 1

• gentamicin sulfate
• Bactericidal (prevent protein synthesis)
• Kill mostly gram negative (some gram positive)
• Used prophetically for GI and GU procedures
• Often used in combination with other antibiotics (such as B lactams)
• Take with plenty of fluids (3000 mL)
• Take probiotics
• Monitor peak and through levels. Peak 5-10 mcg/mL and through less then 2 mcg/mL

Question 2

Aminogylcosides contraindications, adverse effects and interactions

Answer 2

• Contraindications: causes fetal deafness when used during pregnancy, and is distributed into the breast milk.
• Adverse effects: ototoxicity (temparary or permanent), nephrotoxicity, headache, fever, superinfections, vertigo, skin rash, dizziness
• Interactions: increased risk for ototoxicity when used with loop diuretics, and potentiate warfarin toxicity

Question 3

Fluoroquinolones

Answer 3

• ciprofloxacin
• “floxacin”
• Bactericidal by alterning the DNA of bacteria which causes death
• Are effective against gram negative and some gram positive
• Used for lower respiratory infections, bone and joint infections, UTIs, skin infections, STIs

Question 4

Fluoroquinolones contraindications, adverse effects, and interactions

Answer 4

• Contraindications: Avoid in patients reciveing 1A and class 3 antiarrhythmic drugs as dangerous cardiac dysrythmias can occur (prolonged QT interval)
• Tendonitis and even tendon rupture (more in older adults taking prolonged prednisone therapy).
• Interactions: antacids, iron and zinc preparations, and sucrafate reduce oral absorption.
• Reduce absorption of CA+ and MG+ (take these supplements one hour before of after).
• increases oral anticoagulants effects
• Adverse effects: rash, photosensitvity, fever, chills, tendon rupture, flushing