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Pharm 2 > Chapter 39: Acid Controlling Drugs > Flashcards

Chapter 39: Acid Controlling Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What do parietal cells secrete?

A

HCL

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2
Q

What are the hormones that parietal cells have receptors for?

A

ACH, histamine, gastrin

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3
Q

What is the pH of the stomach?

A

1-4

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4
Q

What do chief cells do?

A

secrete pepsinogen

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5
Q

What does pepsinogen do?

A

becomes pepsin when exposed to acid and then pepsin digests proteins

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6
Q

What do mucus cells do?

A

secrete mucus

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7
Q

What are the most harmful disorders related to acid production?

A

PUD, esophageal cancer

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8
Q

What things can cause hyperacidity?

A

food, caffeine, alcohol, overconsumption of fatty meals, emotional stress

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9
Q

What is triple therapy?

A

clarithromycin, amoxicillin/metronidazole and proton pump therapy

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10
Q

What does triple therapy treat?

A

H. pylori

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11
Q

What is quadruple therapy?

A

proton pump inhibitor, bismuth subsalicylate, tetracycline, and metronidazole

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12
Q

Why would patients be put on proton pump inhibitors as prophylaxis?

A

to prevent ICU pts from getting ulcers. Those in ICU and traumatic states have lower blood flow to the stomach and are at risk for developing uicers

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13
Q

Name the drug classes of acid controlling drugs

A

Antacids, H2 receptor antagonists, Proton pump inhibitors

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14
Q

What do antacids do?

A

Buffers/neutralizes the HCL

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15
Q

How do antacids buffer the HCL?

A

it prevents histamine from binding to the parietal cells which means no CAMP and then the proton pump can’t be activated

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16
Q

What are the forms of antacids?

A

Aluminum, magnesium, calcium, sodium bicarb, combo format

17
Q

Does Mg cause constipation or diarrhea?

A

natural laxative that prevents constipation

18
Q

Does calcium and aluminum cause diarrhea or constipation?

A

constipation

19
Q

What can happen if a person takes a whole bottle of antacids?

A

metabolic alkalosis

20
Q

What is acid rebound?

A

when hyperacidity comes back after antacid use is discontinued

21
Q

What is another risk for continued antacid use?

A

hypercalcemia, milk-alkali syndrome, metabolic alkalosis

22
Q

What are the interactions of antacids?

A

Chelation, increased stomach pH, Increased urinary pH

23
Q

What is chelation?

A

antacid makes other drugs chemically inactive, reduces the drug absorption

24
Q

What happens when antacids increase the stomach pH?

A

Increases absorption of basic drugs and decreases absorption of acidic meds

25
Q

What happens when antacids increase urinary pH?

A

increase excretion of acidic meds, decrease in excretion of basic meds

26
Q

How should you space meds out with antacids?

A

1 hour before or after

27
Q

What med do you not want to give with antacids?

A

quinolones

28
Q

What do H2 receptors do?

A

make parietal cells less responsive to histamine

29
Q

How do h2 receptors work?

A

competitive blocking of histamine receptors so you have less hydrogen ions

30
Q

Can you use H2 receptors with antacids?

A

no, take them before or after

31
Q

What are proton pump inhibtors?

A

stop the secretion of HCL

32
Q

How do proton pump inhibitors work?

A

irreversibly bind to hydrogen, potassium, and ATPase enzyme. When bound all gastric secretion is blocked.

33
Q

What is sucralfate?

A

a pepsin inhibitor used for pud or stress ulcers. Coats the GI tract and is a protective medication

34
Q

What is a proton pump inhibitor a first line treatment for?

A

erosive esophagitis, GERD, active duodenal ulcers, gastric ulcers

35
Q

What is long term use of proton pump inhibitors associated with?

A

C diff

36
Q

What should you instruct people taking acid controlling drugs to do?

A

Drink at least 8 ounces of water to increase absorption, chew chewable tablets thoroughly and shake liquids before use. Watch for changes in BP, GI bleeds, GI irritation

37
Q

What are the adverse effects of taking acid controlling drugs?

A

constipation, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, hypotension

Pharm 2 (4 decks)

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