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Medical Assistant > Chapter 39 & 40 > Flashcards

Chapter 39 & 40 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

An abnormal blowing or swishing sound heard when auscultating an artery is a:

A

Bruit

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2
Q

The ______________ is the saclike membrane surrounding the heart

A

Pericardium

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3
Q

Which of the following factors increase the blood pressure?

A

Smoking, vasoconstriction, and plaque

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4
Q

Whole blood is composed of blood cells and lymph.

A

False (Plasma & blood cells)

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5
Q

__________ transmit the impulse quickly and efficiently to the ventricular myocardial cells.

A

Purkinje fibers

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6
Q

The liquid portion of the blood is plasma.

A

True

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7
Q

The amount of blood expelled from the left ventricle compared with the total volume filling the ventricle is called:

A

Ejection fraction

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8
Q

Bulging of the arterial wall that can burst, causing bleeding and possible death is:

A

Aneurysm

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9
Q

Fainting is

A

Syncope

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10
Q

What is the medication classification of enoxaparin (Lovenox)?

A

Anticoagulant

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11
Q

Low blood pressure is called?

A

Hypotension

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12
Q

White blood cells are also called:

A

Leukocytes

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13
Q

What is a procedure that widen narrowed blood vessels, by expanding a small balloon at the site, which compresses widens the vessel?

A

Angioplasty

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14
Q

Swollen, twisted veins seen under the skin are:

A

Varicose veins

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15
Q

Destruction of abnormal cardiac electrical pathways using heat or cold causing arrhythmias is:

A

Ablation

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16
Q

The natural pacemaker of the heart is the:

A

Sinoatrial Node (SA)

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17
Q

A thrombocyte is a platelet

A

True

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18
Q

A condition in which plaque or atheroma build up in the arteries is:

A

atherosclerosis

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19
Q

An abnormally rapid heartbeat is:

A

Tachycardia

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20
Q

A thrombocyte is a type of granulocyte

A

False (Thrombocytes are platelets)

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21
Q

The area of the chest wall anterior to the heart and lower thorax is:

A

Precordium

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22
Q

_________ is the inability of the heart muscle to pump blood efficiently and blood backs up behind the failing pump.

A

Congestive heart failure

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23
Q

Almost all veins carry deoxygenated blood, with the exception of the

A

pulmonary veins.

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24
Q

Leukocytes are clotting cells

A

False (white blood cells)

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25
Q

This type of shock occurs when a person has excessive loss of blood or body fluids from internal or external hemorrhage

A

Hypovolemic

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26
Q

The two types of thrombocytes are granulocytes and agranulocytes

A

False (Granulocytes and agranulocytes are two types of leukocytes)

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27
Q

RBCs are erythrocytes

A

True

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28
Q

The _________ are the blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the heart.

A

pulmonary veins

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29
Q

What is the medication classification of diltiazem (Cardizem, Cartia)?

A

Calcium channel blocker

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30
Q

High blood pressure as a result of no identifiable cause is:

A

essential.

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31
Q

What is it when Ductus arteriosus when it does not close after birth

A

Blood into lungs

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32
Q

What is checking for sound on an ECG?

A

Doppler

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33
Q

Condition where cardiac contracts and stops completely?

A

Cardiac Arrest

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34
Q

Injection that closes the varicose vein?

A

Sclerotherapy

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35
Q

Type of circulation begins with blood being pumped at left side of heart?

A

Systemic Circulation

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36
Q

What does it mean to close or block off?

A

Occlude/ obstruction

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37
Q

Period of contraction the heart undergoes?

A

Systole

38
Q

Period of relaxation when heart relaxes?

A

Diastole

39
Q

Smallest blood vessels in the body?

A

Capillaries

40
Q

Progressive disorder of muscles of the heart?

A

Cardiomyopathy

41
Q

Another name for heart attack?

A

Myocardial Infraction

42
Q

A disease where the atrial walls become thickened and lose their elasticity?

A

Arteriosclerosis

43
Q

What sends electrical impulses to stabilize the heart?

A

Pacemaker

44
Q

Decrease supply of oxygenated blood to body?

A

Ischemia

45
Q

A disorder with hole in the wall in the lower chambers is?

A

Ventricular Septal defect

46
Q

What increases urinary output?

A

Diuretics

47
Q

Inner lining of the heart?

A

Endocardium

48
Q

_____________ is an abnormal pattern of varing shallow and deep breathing.

A

Cheyne-stokes respiration

49
Q

_______ is a difficulty breathing.

A

Dyspnea

50
Q

What is the medication classification of pseudoephedrine (Sudafed)?

A

Decongestant

51
Q

The procedure that measures the amount of air moving into and out of the lungs is:

A

Spirometry

52
Q

What condition causes inflammation of the trachea and larynx and causes a harsh, bark-like cough?

A

Croup

53
Q

What condition describes the need to sit or stand to breathe comfortably?

A

Orthopnea

54
Q

______ is the expectoration of blood.

A

Hemoptysis

55
Q

This classification of medication blocks the action of substances that cause asthma and allergic rhinitis.

A

Leukotriene receptor antagonists

56
Q

This structure connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx.

A

Eustachian tube

57
Q

The __________ closes off the trachea during swallowing so that food goes into the esophagus.

A

Epiglottis

58
Q

An acute, infectious disease of the respiratory tract caused by a virus is:

A

Influenza

59
Q

________ is a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membrane.

A

Cyanosis

60
Q

An abnormal condition of coal dust in the lungs is:

A

Black lung disease

61
Q

_____ is breathlessness.

A

Shortness of breath

62
Q

What is the medication classification of albuterol (Ventolin HFA, Proventil)?

A

Bronchodilator

63
Q

______ is a high-pitched, noisy breathing

A

Stridor

64
Q

_______ or bubbling or popping sound heard on auscultation.

A

Rales

65
Q

What is the medication classification of montelukast (Singulair)?

A

Leukotriene receptor antagonist

66
Q

What is the medication classification of diphenhydramine (Benadryl, Unisom)?

A

Antihistamine

67
Q

A whistling sound related to labored breathing is

A

Wheezing

68
Q

Which of the following is not a CLIA-waived test used for pulmonary conditions?

A

ABG

69
Q

This classification of medication inhibits the cough center.

A

Antitussives

70
Q

____ is excessive drainage from the nose

A

Rhinorrhea

71
Q

This classification of medication thins the secretions in the bronchial tubes to make it easier to cough up the mucus

A

Expectorants

72
Q

____ is an abnormal enlargement of the distal phalanges (fingers and toes) associated with cyanotic heart disease or advanced chronic pulmonary disease

A

Clubbing

73
Q

Expectoration of blood is:

A

hemoptysis

74
Q

An exchange of gases between the cells in the body and the blood.

A

Internal respiration

75
Q

An air sac at the end of a bronchiole is a(n):

A

Alveolus

76
Q

The insertion of an instrument through the mouth to visualize the trachea and bronchi.

A

Bronchoscopy

77
Q

This is the residue or chemical from the cigarette smoke, which can be inhaled or ingested and can cause problems

A

Thirdhand smoke

78
Q

A test to diagnose cystic fibrosis is a:

A

Sweat Test

79
Q

The medical terms for “throat” and “windpipe” are:

A

pharynx and trachea.

80
Q

A respiratory infection also called whooping cough is

A

Pertussis

81
Q

The term for the nostrils is:

A

Nares

82
Q

This classification of medication relieves allergies

A

Antihistamines

83
Q

A chronic infectious disease caused by bacteria and diagnosed by a TST and QFT is:

A

pulmonary tuberculosis.

84
Q

______ is a continuous rumbling sound heard on auscultation

A

Rhonchi

85
Q

What is the term for a high-pitched noisy breathing?

A

Stridor

86
Q

Air or gas in the pleural cavity, causing the lung to collapse is called

A

pneumothorax.

87
Q

Classification for hydrochlorothiazide (microzide, oretic) used for urinary out put and to lower blood pressure?

A

Diuretics

88
Q

Classification for metoprolol (beta blockers) is?

A

Antihypertensives

89
Q

A test in which a blood specimen is collected from the artery in the wrist, and the PH of the blood is?

A

ABG test Arterial blood gas

90
Q

The pulmonary veins bring oxygenated blood back to the ________

A

Coronary Arteries

Medical Assistant (5 decks)

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