Chapter 37 - Musculoskeletal

Question 1

close fracture

Answer 1

noncommunicating wound between bone and skin

Question 2

open fracture

Answer 2

communicating wound between bone and skin

Question 3

comminuted

Answer 3

multiple bone fragments

Question 4

linear

Answer 4

parallel to long axix of bone

Question 5

oqlique

Answer 5

angle to long axis

Question 6

spiral

Answer 6

encirccling bone

Question 7

transverse

Answer 7

perpendicular to long axis of bone

Question 8

impacted

Answer 8

fragments pushed into each other

Question 9

pathologic

Answer 9

fractures of a point of bone where bone has been weakened by disease

Question 10

avulsion

Answer 10

fragment of bone connected to a ligament or tendon.

Question 11

compression

Answer 11

fracture webbed or squeezed together

Question 12

displaced

Answer 12

fracture with one, both, or all ligaments out of normal allignment

Question 13

torus

Answer 13

buckling of cortex

Question 14

bowing

Answer 14

bending of bone

Question 15

stress

Answer 15

microfracture

Question 16

transchondral

Answer 16

separation of cartilaginous joint surface

Question 17

direct fracture healing

Answer 17

adjacent bone surfaces are in contact with eachother

Question 18

reduction

Answer 18

puts fractures into correct alignment

Question 19

closed reduction

Answer 19

can fix without having to surgically go in and fix the dislocation

Question 20

open redution

Answer 20

have to go in and fix surgically

Question 21

immmobilization

Answer 21

holding bones in place after a fracture occurs

Question 22

nonunion

Answer 22

failure of bone ends to grow together.

Question 23

delayed union

Answer 23

union that does not occur until approximately 8 to 9 months after fracture

Question 24

malunion

Answer 24

Healing of a bone in an incorrect anatomic position

Question 25

Dislocation

Answer 25

displacement of one or more bones in a joint in which the opposing joint surfaces entirely lose contact.

Question 26

Subluxation

Answer 26

contact between the opposing joint surfaces is only partially lost.

Question 27

Sprains

Answer 27

ligament tears. Most common sites: wrist, ankle, elbow, knee joints.

Question 28

Avulsions

Answer 28

complete separation of a tendon or a ligament from bony site | Seen in young athletes, sprinters, hurdlers, and distance runners

Question 29

Strains

Answer 29

tearing or stretching of a tendon.

Question 30

Sprains and Strains are classified into three degrees: 1

Answer 30

fibers of muscle are stretched (strain) or remain stable (sprain)

Question 31

Sprains and Strains are classified into three degrees: 2

Answer 31

more tearing of tendon or ligament fibers, with muscle weakness (Strain) or some joint

Question 32

Sprains and Strains are classified into three degrees: 3

Answer 32

inability to contract the muscle normally and cause significant joint instability.