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MOD A: > Chapter 37: Anesthesia & Pain control > Flashcards

Chapter 37: Anesthesia & Pain control Flashcards

1
Q

The term used for temporary loss of feeling or sensation

A

anesthesia

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2
Q

the drugs that produce the temporary loss of feeling or sensation.

A

anesthetics

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3
Q

Methods of pain control used in dentistry to alleviate or reduce anxiety and pain include the following:

A
  • Topical anesthesia
  • Local anesthesia
  • Inhalation sedation
  • Antianxiety agents
  • Intravenous (IV) sedation
  • General anesthesia
  • Mind-body medicine
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4
Q

provide a numbing effect in a specific area where an injection is to take place.

provide a temporary numbing effect on nerve endings located on the surface of the oral mucosa

A

topical anesthesia

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5
Q

The active ingredient in topical anesthetic

A

benzocaine or lidocaine

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6
Q

For today’s products, a gel type of topical anesthetic is to remain on the site of injection for a minimum of __ to __ seconds with a maximum of __ - __minutes to have optimum effectiveness.

A

15-30

1-2

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7
Q

agents that are applied to larger surface areas of the oral tissues. This type of anesthetic is useful when applied at the back of the throat in patients with a strong gag reflex

A

spray topical anesthetics

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8
Q

It should be noted that topical sprays can pose a potential danger if too much is administered.

t or f

A

true

anesthetic would be absorbed into the bloodstream, possibly causing an irregular heartbeat and respiratory failure.

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9
Q

most frequently used form of pain control in dentistry.

A

local anesthetic agents

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10
Q

is obtained by injecting an anesthetic solution near the nerve where treatment is to take place.

A

local anesthesia

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11
Q

The action of local anesthesia becomes reversed as the ______ carries away the solution, causing the patient to lose numbness in the area.

A

bloodstream

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12
Q

Local anesthetic solutions for dental use come under two chemical groups:

A

amides and esters.

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13
Q

Amide local anesthetics are metabolized by the ___,

ester local anesthetics are metabolized primarily in the ____.

A

liver

plasma

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14
Q

the length of time from injection of the anesthetic solution to complete and effective conduction blockage.

A

induction

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15
Q

the length of time from induction until the reversal process is complete

A

duration

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16
Q

• A short-acting local anesthetic agent can last approximately __ minutes.

A

30

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17
Q

An intermediate-acting local anesthetic agent lasts approximately __ minutes.

Mostly used for general dental procedures.

A

60

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18
Q

A long-acting local anesthetic agent lasts approximately __ minutes.

A

90

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19
Q

an agent that when combined with the anesthetic slows down the uptake of an anesthetic agent into the bloodstream and increases the duration of action.

A

vasoconstrictor

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20
Q

Types of vasoconstrictors used with local anesthetic agents include

A

epinephrine, levonordefrin, and Neo-Cobefrin

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21
Q

With the concentration levels of a vasoconstrictor, the smaller the ratio, the ___ the percentage of vasoconstrictor.

A

higher

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22
Q

the use of an anesthetic solution without a vasoconstrictor is recommended for patients with a history of _______

A

heart diseases

23
Q

Three major types of local anesthetic injections are applied for the maxillary arch:

A

Local infiltration

field block

Nerve block

24
Q

Local anesthesia injection techniques differ from mandibular approaches because of the
____ nature of alveolar cancellous bone in the ____.

A

porous

maxilla

25
Q

completed by injecting the anesthetic directly into the soft tissue area of the nerve endings affecting a specific area;

A

local infiltration

26
Q

refers to injecting the anesthetic near a larger terminal nerve branch affecting a larger surface area of the operative field. When two or three teeth are being restored, a ____ _____ is indicated.

A

field block

27
Q

occurs when local anesthetic is deposited close to a main nerve trunk. This type of injection is indicated for quadrant dentistry.

A

nerve block

28
Q

may be necessary for procedures that involve the soft tissues of the palate

A

local anesthesia in the palatal area

29
Q

the type of injection that is frequently required for most mandibular teeth

A

block anesthesia

Inferior alveolar nerve block, often referred to as mandibular nerve block

30
Q

the shorter end of the needle.

A

cartridge end of the needle

31
Q

t is common practice for the _____ short needle to be used for infiltration anesthesia and the 1 5/8 -inch long needle used for block anesthesia

A

1 inch

1 5/8

32
Q

the hollow center of the needle through which the anesthetic solution flows.

A

lumen

33
Q

refers to the thickness or size of the needle.

A

gauge

34
Q

The larger the gauge number, the ___the needle.

The smaller the gauge number, the ____the needle.

A

thinner

thicker

35
Q

The most frequently used gauge numbers are :

A

25, 27, and 30.

36
Q

are the single greatest risk for transmission of a blood-borne infection to a dental healthcare provider

A

Needle stick injuries

37
Q

dentist will always
_____ before injecting any local anesthetic solution

This creates a negative pressure within the anesthetic cartridge.

A

aspirate

38
Q

The effects of a local anesthetic agent may be delayed or even prevented if injected into an area of infection, such as an ____

A

abscess

39
Q

Even slight contact with solutions that contain local anesthetic agents can cause____________, which is an inflammation of the tissues caused by an allergic reaction to the anesthetic solution.

A

contact dermatitis

40
Q

a condition in which numbness lasts after the effects of local anesthetic solutions have worn off.

A

paresthesia

41
Q

Inhalation sedation, also referred to as nitrous oxide/oxygen (N2O/O2)
______ , is a safe and effective sedation method used in dentistry for pain and anxiety

A

anelgesia

42
Q

N2O/O2 analgesia is usually administered to a pregnant patient only after the first trimester and only with the permission of her obstetrician.

t or f

A

true

43
Q

Any type of nasal obstruction, such as a head cold or allergies, can prevent the patient from breathing in and out normally and not be able to obtain the benefit of N2O.

t or f

A

true

44
Q

N2O, chemical name

A

dinitrogen monoxide,

45
Q

safest maximum allowable amount of N2O in the dental environment is :

A

50 parts per million (ppm

46
Q

N2O/O2 sedation should begin with the administration of:

A

100% O2

47
Q

The N2O/O2 analgesia should end with the administration of 100% ___ for 3 to 5 minutes.

A

O2

48
Q

The N2O/O2 system must be equipped with a _______The use of this system reduces the N2O released into the treatment room, which escapes into the atmosphere and is then inhaled

A

scavenging system.

49
Q

Drugs that are administered for the relief of anxiety are termed:

A

antianxiety drugs, or anxiolytics.

50
Q

results in a minimally depressed level of consciousness.

A

IV conscious sedation

51
Q

is a controlled state of unconsciousness characterized by loss of protective reflexes, including the ability to maintain an airway independently and respond appropriately to physical stimulation or verbal command.

A

General anesthesia

52
Q

General anesthesia is most safely administered in a _____________ or ________ with the necessary equipment for administration and management of an emergency.

A

hospital setting or at outpatient surgical setting

53
Q

a method of reducing anxiety and pain through different nonpharmacologic techniques

A

mindbody medicine

54
Q

4 stages of anesthesia

A
  1. anelgesia
  2. excitement
  3. general anesthesia
  4. respiratory failure/cardiac arrest

MOD A: (4 decks)

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