Chapter 37

Question 1

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Answer 1

The act banned discrimination in most private facilities open to the public including theaters hospitals and restaurants based on race, gender, national origin and religion. The act strengthened the federal government’s ability to integrate schools and other public places.

Question 2

Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965

Answer 2

signed in by LBJ, it abolished “national-origins” quota system and doubled the amount of immigrants allowed to enter the USA.

Question 3

Voting Rights Act of 1965

Answer 3

Outlawed literacy tests and sent federal voter registrars into southern states.

Question 4

24th Amendment to the Constitution

Answer 4

abolished the poll tax in federal elections. Created January 1964

Question 5

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

Answer 5

authorized President Johnson to take any measures he believed were necessary to retaliate and to promote the maintenance of international peace and security in southeast Asia. Gave him a “blank check” to do whatever he wanted in Vietnam

Question 6

Credibility Gap

Answer 6

a term that came into wide use with journalism, political and public discourse in the United States during the 1960s and 1970s. At the time, it was most frequently used to describe public skepticism about the Lyndon B. Johnson administration’s statements and policies on the Vietnam War

Question 7

Ping Pong Diplomacy

Answer 7

It’s when the U.S. tennis team paid for Nixon to visit Beijing.

Question 8

Détente

Answer 8

Reduced tension, and marked departure from policies of proportional response and containment and it also de-iced the Cold War

Question 9

Role of the CIA under President Johnson

Answer 9

It made the FBI look like a totalitarian state secret police rather than a guardian of American democracy

Question 10

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

Answer 10

A governmental organization signed in law by Richard Nixon in 1970 designed to regulate pollution, emissions, and other factors that negatively influence the natural environment The Creation of EPA marked a newfound commitment by the federal government to actively combat environmental risks.

Question 11

Vietnamization

Answer 11

It reduced the number of American combat troops in Vietnam and left more of the fighting to the South Vietnamese.

Question 12

War Powers Act(1973)

Answer 12

Law passed by Congress limiting the president’s ability to wage war without congressional approval. The act required the president to notify Congress within forty- eight hours of committing troops to a foreign conflict. An important consequence of the Vietnamese War, this piece of legislation sought to reduce the president’s unilateral authority in military matters.

Question 13

Operation Rolling Thunder

Answer 13

It destroyed civilian homes, killed innocent people, and they discontinued it because American citizens thought it was too harsh.
-During Vietnam War

Question 14

The Philadelphia Plan

Answer 14

Required thousands of employers to meet hiring quotas or to establish “set-asides” for the minority subcontractors. It also required trade unions to hire a certain amount of African Americans. It altered the meaning of affirmative action, laws protecting people from discrimination.

Question 15

“Southern strategy”

Answer 15

Nixon’s re-election strategy to gain support of conservative whites in the South. -Nixon acted noncommittal (not too left wing or white wing). It identified the regional split between the two parties as white southerners become attracted to the Republican party.

Question 16

Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT) of 1972

Answer 16

Era of détente lead to ABM and SALT. SALT was made to freeze the number of nuclear missiles for five years.

Question 17

Pentagon Papers

Answer 17

Secret US pentagon papers that documented the decisions of Kennedy and Johnson regarding North Vietnamese attacks. Leaked to New York Times and revealed instances of governmental secrecy, lies, and incompetence in the prosecution of the war.

Question 18

Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.

Answer 18

MLK Jr. advocated peaceful protests and was the figurehead of the Civil Rights revolution in America.

Question 19

John F. Kennedy -

Answer 19

American politician who served as the 35th President from 1963-death. He was a middle-roaded democrat who focused on a “New Frontier”, Civil Rights, and southern resistance.

Question 20

Lyndon B. Johnson

Answer 20

LBJ was the 36th president of the United States who gave people the “Johnson Treatment”. He created the “Great Society” program and was liberal/conservative.

Question 21

Richard Nixon

Answer 21

was president from 1969-1974, mostly conservative but had some liberal views, pulled U.S. out from Vietnam war, very paranoia

Question 22

Malcolm X

Answer 22

leader of Black Power, against Martin Luther King’s views on nonviolence when the white people were treating them with violence. was for black separatism

Question 23

Fannie Lou Hamer

Answer 23

voting rights activist, civil rights leader, and philanthropist. She was involved in organizing the Mississippi Freedom Summer for the Student Nonviolent Coordinating.

Question 24

Stokely Carmichael

Answer 24

leader of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC); preaches the doctrine of black power. He said, “will smash everything western civilization has created.”

Question 25

Eugene McCarthy

Answer 25

Democratic Senator from Minnesota became a contender in the 1968 presidential election With the help of a small army of college students. He was able gain 41.4% of the Democratic vote in the New Hampshire primary on March 12, 1968.

Question 26

George Wallace

Answer 26

1968 3rd party candidate Alabama governor who stood in front of university of Alabama and yelled, “Segregation tomorrow, segregation forever.” Won 5 states in deep south.

Question 27

Henry Kissinger

Answer 27

Nixon’s national security advisor, escaped from Hitler regime as a child, met with north Vietnamese to negotiate an end to the war. Prepared president’s path to Beijing and Moscow.

Question 28

Spiro Agnew

Answer 28

39th vice president from 1969 to 1973 under President Richard Nixon.

Question 29

Earl Warren

Answer 29

Head judge in the supreme court for 14 years and was famous for his liberal decisions.

Question 30

Black Power

Answer 30

effort to exercise the political and economic rights gained by the civil rights movement and to speed integration.

Question 31

Black Panther Party

Answer 31

revolutionary black nationalist and socialist organization

Question 32

Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)

Answer 32

Gave more focus to efforts such as sit-ins for civil rights.

Question 33

Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)

Answer 33

aimed to mobilize the power of black churches on behalf of black rights.

Question 34

Characteristics of the American soldier in Vietnam

Answer 34

More than 58,000 americans were killed in the vietnam war. More than 500,000 U.S. soldiers were involved in Vietnam War.

Question 35

Tet Offensive

Answer 35

These were attacks by the Viet Cong on 27 key South Vietnamese cities, including the capital, Saigon, during the 1968 Vietnamese New Year. The impact was it ended in a military defeat but political victory for the Viet Cong which increased the American public opinion’s demand in ending the war.

Question 36

The Gulf of Tonkin Incident-

Answer 36

…

Question 37

Kent State University

Answer 37

Massacre of four college students in Ohio, when Nixon expanded the war into Cambodia, college campuses were very upset. The students got violent and highway patrolman shot then

Question 38

1968 Election

Answer 38

two major canidates were Richard Nixon and Hubert Humphrey

Question 39

Stonewall Rebellion

Answer 39

Uprising in support of equal rights for gay people sparked by an assault by off duty police officers at a gay bar in New York. The rebellion led to a rise in activism and militancy within the gay community and furthered the sexual revolution of the late 1960’s.

Question 40

Yom Kippur War

Answer 40

Known as the october war and took place in the Middle East when syria and Egypt attacked Israel. Nixon spent billions on war materials to help Israel.

Question 41

OPEC

Answer 41

Cartel comprising middle eastern states and venezuela aimed to control access of pricing of oil, wresting power from western oil companies and investors

Question 42

The Great Society

Answer 42

Targeted assaults on remaining poverty, and created new public investments in education and the arts.