Chapter 37 Flashcards
Civil Rights Act of 1964
The act banned discrimination in most private facilities open to the public including theaters hospitals and restaurants based on race, gender, national origin and religion. The act strengthened the federal government’s ability to integrate schools and other public places.
Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965
signed in by LBJ, it abolished “national-origins” quota system and doubled the amount of immigrants allowed to enter the USA.
Voting Rights Act of 1965
Outlawed literacy tests and sent federal voter registrars into southern states.
24th Amendment to the Constitution
abolished the poll tax in federal elections. Created January 1964
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
authorized President Johnson to take any measures he believed were necessary to retaliate and to promote the maintenance of international peace and security in southeast Asia. Gave him a “blank check” to do whatever he wanted in Vietnam
Credibility Gap
a term that came into wide use with journalism, political and public discourse in the United States during the 1960s and 1970s. At the time, it was most frequently used to describe public skepticism about the Lyndon B. Johnson administration’s statements and policies on the Vietnam War
Ping Pong Diplomacy
It’s when the U.S. tennis team paid for Nixon to visit Beijing.
Détente
Reduced tension, and marked departure from policies of proportional response and containment and it also de-iced the Cold War
Role of the CIA under President Johnson
It made the FBI look like a totalitarian state secret police rather than a guardian of American democracy
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
A governmental organization signed in law by Richard Nixon in 1970 designed to regulate pollution, emissions, and other factors that negatively influence the natural environment The Creation of EPA marked a newfound commitment by the federal government to actively combat environmental risks.
Vietnamization
It reduced the number of American combat troops in Vietnam and left more of the fighting to the South Vietnamese.
War Powers Act(1973)
Law passed by Congress limiting the president’s ability to wage war without congressional approval. The act required the president to notify Congress within forty- eight hours of committing troops to a foreign conflict. An important consequence of the Vietnamese War, this piece of legislation sought to reduce the president’s unilateral authority in military matters.
Operation Rolling Thunder
It destroyed civilian homes, killed innocent people, and they discontinued it because American citizens thought it was too harsh.
-During Vietnam War
The Philadelphia Plan
Required thousands of employers to meet hiring quotas or to establish “set-asides” for the minority subcontractors. It also required trade unions to hire a certain amount of African Americans. It altered the meaning of affirmative action, laws protecting people from discrimination.
“Southern strategy”
Nixon’s re-election strategy to gain support of conservative whites in the South. -Nixon acted noncommittal (not too left wing or white wing). It identified the regional split between the two parties as white southerners become attracted to the Republican party.
Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT) of 1972
Era of détente lead to ABM and SALT. SALT was made to freeze the number of nuclear missiles for five years.
Pentagon Papers
Secret US pentagon papers that documented the decisions of Kennedy and Johnson regarding North Vietnamese attacks. Leaked to New York Times and revealed instances of governmental secrecy, lies, and incompetence in the prosecution of the war.
Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.
MLK Jr. advocated peaceful protests and was the figurehead of the Civil Rights revolution in America.
John F. Kennedy -
American politician who served as the 35th President from 1963-death. He was a middle-roaded democrat who focused on a “New Frontier”, Civil Rights, and southern resistance.
Lyndon B. Johnson
LBJ was the 36th president of the United States who gave people the “Johnson Treatment”. He created the “Great Society” program and was liberal/conservative.
Richard Nixon
was president from 1969-1974, mostly conservative but had some liberal views, pulled U.S. out from Vietnam war, very paranoia
Malcolm X
leader of Black Power, against Martin Luther King’s views on nonviolence when the white people were treating them with violence. was for black separatism
Fannie Lou Hamer
voting rights activist, civil rights leader, and philanthropist. She was involved in organizing the Mississippi Freedom Summer for the Student Nonviolent Coordinating.
Stokely Carmichael
leader of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC); preaches the doctrine of black power. He said, “will smash everything western civilization has created.”
Eugene McCarthy
Democratic Senator from Minnesota became a contender in the 1968 presidential election With the help of a small army of college students. He was able gain 41.4% of the Democratic vote in the New Hampshire primary on March 12, 1968.
George Wallace
1968 3rd party candidate Alabama governor who stood in front of university of Alabama and yelled, “Segregation tomorrow, segregation forever.” Won 5 states in deep south.
Henry Kissinger
Nixon’s national security advisor, escaped from Hitler regime as a child, met with north Vietnamese to negotiate an end to the war. Prepared president’s path to Beijing and Moscow.
Spiro Agnew
39th vice president from 1969 to 1973 under President Richard Nixon.
Earl Warren
Head judge in the supreme court for 14 years and was famous for his liberal decisions.
Black Power
effort to exercise the political and economic rights gained by the civil rights movement and to speed integration.
Black Panther Party
revolutionary black nationalist and socialist organization
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
Gave more focus to efforts such as sit-ins for civil rights.
Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
aimed to mobilize the power of black churches on behalf of black rights.
Characteristics of the American soldier in Vietnam
More than 58,000 americans were killed in the vietnam war. More than 500,000 U.S. soldiers were involved in Vietnam War.
Tet Offensive
These were attacks by the Viet Cong on 27 key South Vietnamese cities, including the capital, Saigon, during the 1968 Vietnamese New Year. The impact was it ended in a military defeat but political victory for the Viet Cong which increased the American public opinion’s demand in ending the war.
The Gulf of Tonkin Incident-
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Kent State University
Massacre of four college students in Ohio, when Nixon expanded the war into Cambodia, college campuses were very upset. The students got violent and highway patrolman shot then
1968 Election
two major canidates were Richard Nixon and Hubert Humphrey
Stonewall Rebellion
Uprising in support of equal rights for gay people sparked by an assault by off duty police officers at a gay bar in New York. The rebellion led to a rise in activism and militancy within the gay community and furthered the sexual revolution of the late 1960’s.
Yom Kippur War
Known as the october war and took place in the Middle East when syria and Egypt attacked Israel. Nixon spent billions on war materials to help Israel.
OPEC
Cartel comprising middle eastern states and venezuela aimed to control access of pricing of oil, wresting power from western oil companies and investors
The Great Society
Targeted assaults on remaining poverty, and created new public investments in education and the arts.
