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Biochemistry > Chapter 36 - Transcription > Flashcards

Chapter 36 - Transcription Flashcards

0
Q

What does the promoter do?

A

It is where the RNA polymerase binds to to ensure the right start site
binds 30 nucleotides upstream of the start site

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1
Q

Differentiate cis-acting factor from trans-acting factor

A

Cis-acting = regulates nearby gene expression

Trans- acting = proteins that bind to cis factors and regulate that gene mismo

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2
Q

Promoter for prokaryotes?

A

TATAAT box or Pribnow box

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3
Q

Promoter for eukaryotic DNA

A

TATA box or Higness box

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4
Q

DNA sequences that accelerates trasncription

A

Enhancers

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5
Q

DNA sequences that inhibit transcription

A

Silencers

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6
Q

Where is the mRNA found? What is its function?

A

primarily in the nucleus then goes out to cytoplasm

copies the information from the DNA template strand

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7
Q

What does the sigma factor do?

A

The sigma factor finds the promoter via high affinity base pair
Only found in prokaryotes

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8
Q

What is the function of 7-methylguanosine triphosphate caps?

A

They are needed for the processing of mature mRNA and to prevent exonucleolytic attack

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9
Q

RNA Polymerase that synthesizes rRNA

A

RNAP I

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10
Q

RNA Polymerase that synthesizes mRNA, miRNA, SnRNA?

A

RNAP II

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11
Q

What toxin is RNAP II sensitive to?

A

alpha-amanitin toxin

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12
Q

RNA Polymerase that synthesizes tRNA and microRNA?

A

RNAP III

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13
Q

What does (+1) mean?

A

start of transcription site
5’ terminal of mRNA
beyond is downstream

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14
Q

What does (-1) mean?

A

It marks the promoter region

proceeds away from the initiation site (upstream)

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15
Q

termination protein for prokaryotes? Describe it?

A

Rho factor - ATP-dependent RNA stimulated helicase that disrupts RNA-DNA complex

16
Q

if a gene does not have a TATA box then how is the promoter region known?

A

By the frequency of GC/CAAT boxes

17
Q

If the eukaryotes do not have sigma factor then how is the RNAP guided to promoter region?

A

Via trans-acting element: General Transcription Factors (GTFs)

18
Q

component of TFIID?

A

TATA binding proteins + 14 TAFs

19
Q

What is the function of TFIIF?

A

equivalent od bacterial sigma factor

tethers RNAP to correct start site

20
Q

What is the function of TFIIH?

A

It has a:
Helicase - causes local unwinding
Kinase - phosphorylases RNAP, allowing clreaing of promoter

21
Q

What is the function of TFIID?

A

Binds to the TATA box promoter element

22
Q

When is RNA Polymerase II activated?

A

When Ser and Thr of Carboxyl Terminal Repeat Domain (CTD) are phosphorylated

23
Q

How to access promoter sequence wrapped in nucleosomes?

A

transcription factors bind to DNA then recruits chromatin remodelling and modefying coregulatory factors

24
Q

Differentiate Stepwise Assembly from Recruitment Hypothesis

A

Stepwise Assembly - transcription activators function by stimulating PIC formation or as bridging factor to create PIC (one by one they bind to promoter

Recruitment Hypothesis - states that activators and coactivatorsss function to recruit a preformed holoenzyme-GTF complex to the promoter (meaning buo na siya bago magbind sa promoter)

25
Q

What does polycistronic mean?

A

In bacteria, proteins are synthesized in just one strand

26
Q

Promoters with both TATA and Inr (Initiation Sequence) are more actively transcribed. True or False?

A

True

27
Q

Differentiate Rho-factor independent from Rho-factor dependent

A

Rho-factor Independent - binds to G-C rich region, allows formation of a self-complimentary hairpin loop that contains UUUUs after it

Rho-factor dependent - binds to C rich region containing an ATP-dependent Helicase that separates DNA from RNA

28
Q

What is the probable termination sequence in eukaryotes

A

AAUAAA

29
Q

Least tightly bound histones

A

H1

30
Q

Action of Actinomycin D

A

lodges between G-C pairs and effectively stops transcription

31
Q

What is the action of Rifampacin?

A

binds to beta subunit of RNAP inhibiting formation of initiation complex

32
Q

What is the action of Quinolones?

A

Inhibits DNA gyrase (stops replication and transcription)

Biochemistry (4 decks)

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