chapter 36

Question 1

Respiratory physiology:

Answer 1

complex, coordinated processes that help maintain homeostasis

Question 2

External respiration

Answer 2

(@ lungs)
Pulmonary ventilation (breathing)
Pulmonary gas exchange (oxygen moves into blood, Co2 moves out)

Question 3

Internal respiration

Answer 3

(@ tissues)
Systemic tissue gas exchange
Cellular respiration (aerobic respiration)

Question 4

inspiration

Answer 4

moves air into the lungs

Question 5

expiration

Answer 5

moves sir out of the lungs

Question 6

Pressure gradients are established by changes in the size of the

Answer 6

thoracic cavity that are produced by contraction and relaxation of muscles

Question 7

Boyles law:

Answer 7

volume of gas varies inversely with pressure at a constant temperature

Question 8

Inspiration: contraction of the diaphragm produces inspiration; as it contracts,

Answer 8

it makes the thoracic cavity larger

Question 9

Expansion of the thorax results in decreased intrapleural pressure, leading to

Answer 9

decreased alveolar pressure

Question 10

Air moves into the lungs when alveolar pressure

Answer 10

drops below atmospheric pressure

Question 11

Compliance

Answer 11

ability of pulmonary tissues to stretch, thus making inspiration possible

Question 12

Expiration: a passive process that begins when the inspiratory muscles are relaxed,

Answer 12

which decreases the size of the thorax

Question 13

Decreasing thoracic volume increases the intrapleural pressure and thus increases

Answer 13

alveolar pressure above the atmospheric pressure

Question 14

Elastic recoil:

Answer 14

tendency of pulmonary tissues to return to a smaller size after having been stretched; occurs passively during expiration

Question 15

Pneumothorax

Answer 15

Air between the chest wall and pleural
Space and the lung collapses

Question 16

Pulmonary volumes:

Answer 16

normal exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide depends on the presence of normal volumes of air moving in and out and the remaining volume

Question 17

Tidal volume (TV)

Answer 17

:amount of air exhaled after normal inspiration

Question 18

Pulmonary capacities:

Answer 18

the sum of two or more pulmonary volumes

Question 19

Vital capacity (VC):

Answer 19

the sum of IRV + TV + ERV

Question 20

Total lung capacity (TLC):

Answer 20

the sum of all four lung volumes; the total amount of air a lung can hold

Question 21

Physiological dead space:

Answer 21

anatomic dead space plus the volume of any nonfunctioning alveoli (as in pulmonary disease)

Question 22

Anatomical dead space:

Answer 22

air in passageways that do not participate in gas exchange

Question 23

Pulmonary air flow:

Answer 23

rates of air flow into and out of the pulmonary airways

Question 24

Forced expiratory volume (FEV) or forced vital capacity (FVC):

Answer 24

volume of air expired per second during forced expiration (as a percentage of VC)

Question 25

Alveolar ventilation:

Answer 25

Airflow to the alveoli

Question 26

Medullary rhythmicity center:

Answer 26

Consists of two interconnected control centers

Question 27

Alveolar perfusion:

Answer 27

Blood flow to the alveoli

Question 28

disorders associated with ventilation

Answer 28

Restrictive pulmonary disorders Obstructive pulmonary disorders Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Bronchitis Emphysema Asthma

Question 29

inspiration process

Answer 29

contracts, diaphragm goes down and lungs go out and up pressure of air in lungs decreases

Question 30

expiration process

Answer 30

relax, cavity gets smaller, lungs get smaller, pressure of air increases air will move outside

Question 31

surfactant

Answer 31

helps lungs to grow and expand

Question 32

expiratory reserve volume

Answer 32

1-1.2L everything you can blow out

Question 33

residual volume

Answer 33

1.2 L

Question 34

IRV+TV+ERV=

Answer 34

vital capacity

Question 35

IRV+TV+ERV+RV=

Answer 35

total lung capacity

Question 36

physiological dead space is

Answer 36

not normal

Question 37

anatomical dead space is

Answer 37

normal

Question 38

increase CO2 leads to

Answer 38

lower ph (acidic) and higher respiration

Question 39

can't stecth lungs =

Answer 39

IRV and ERV is different (not normal)