Chapter 35 Immune System GLOSSARY Flashcards
What is aggulination?
clumping effect that occurs when an antibody acts as a crosslink between two antigens
What is an antibody?
A protein substance that the body develops in response to and interacting with a specific antgen
What is an antigen?
a substance that induces the production of antibodies
What is an antigenic determinant?
specific area of an antigen that binds with an antibody combining site to determine the specificity of the antigen-antiboy reaction
apoptosis?
programmed cell death that results form the digestion of deoxyribonucleic acid by end nucleases
What response are B cells a part of?
humoral immune response
What is the cellular immune response?
the immune systems third line of defense,involving the attack of the pathogens by the T cells
Complement?
series of enzymatic proteins in the serum that, when activated, destroy bacteria and other cells
cytokines?
generic term for nonantibody proteins that act as intercellular mediators, as in the generation of the immune response.
Cytotoxic T cells?
lymphocytes that lyse cells infected with virus, also play a role in graft rejection
Epitope?
any component of an antigen molecule that functions as an antigenetic determinent by permitting the attachment of certain antibodies
Genetic engineering?
emerging technology designed to enable replacement of missing or defective genes.
helper T cells?
lymphocytes that attack foreign invaders (antigens) directly.
humoral immune response?
the immune systems second line of defense, often termed the antibody response.
immune response?
the coordinated response of the components of the immune system to a foreign agent or organism.
immune system?
collection of organs, cells, tissues, and molecules that mediate the immune response
immunity?
the bodys specific protective response to a foreign agent or organism, resistance to disease (specifically infectious disease.
immunopathology?
study of diseases resulting in dysfunctions within the immune system.
immunoregulaton?
complex system of checks and balances that regulates or controls immune responses.
interferons?
proteins formed when cells are exposed to viral foreign agents, capable of activating other components of the immune system.
lymphokines?
substances released by sensitized lymphocytes when they come into contact with specific antigens.
memory cells?
cells that are responsible for recognizing antigens from previous exposure and mounting an immune response
NK cells?
lymphocytes that defend against microorganisms and malignant cells
null lymphocytes?
lymphocytes that destroy antigens already coated with the antibody
opsonization?
the coating of antigen-antibody molecules with a sticky substance to facilitate phagocytosis
phagocytic cells?
cells that engulf, ingest, and destroy foreign bodies or toxins
Phagocytic immune response?
the immune systems first line of defense, involving white blood cells that have the ability to ingestforeign particles.
stem cells?
precursors of all blood cells,reside primarily in bone marrow
Suppressor T cells?
lymphocytes that decrease B-cell activity to a level at which the immune system is compatible with life.
T cells?
cells that are important for producing cellular immune response.