Chapter 35 Disorders Flashcards
Arteriosclerosis
Abnormal thickening, hardening, & loss of elasticity of arterial walls
Accompanies CAD
CAD Risk factors
Modifiable: increased serum lipids, high BP, tobacco use, diabetes w/ elevated blood glucose, obesity, & sedentary lifestyle
Non-modifiable: age, gender, heredity, & ethnicity
Other: stress, sex hormones, birth control pills, excessive alcohol intake, & high homocysteine levels
Angina Pectoris
“Angina”- chest pain: results when the demand for O2 by the myocardial cells exceeds the supply delivered
Most common symptom of CAD
Stable, unstable, & variant
Stable vs Unstable Angina
Stable- “chronic” or exertional angina: occurs w/ exercise or activity & usually subsides w/ rest
Unstable- crescendo or preinfarction angina: occurs @ rest or w/ minimal exertion. Often not relieved by nitro, or requires more nitro administration, & unpredictable
AMI (acute myocardial infarction)
Death of myocardial tissue as a result of prolonged lack of blood & O2 supply
Cardiac rehab: patient teaching- exercise, medications, cessation of smoking, & diet
❎ Phases of cardiac rehab: inpatient management, telemetry monitoring during exercise, unmonitored rehab, & maintenanc
Right vs Left sided HF
HF: inability of the heart to meet the metabolic demands of the body
❎both sides fail as pumps
Left: usually fails first
Right: fails as a result of left sided HF
CMP (cardiomyopathy)
Progressive & chronic heart muscle disease
NKC- usually leads to HF
Dilated, hypertrophic, & restrictive
IE
Microbial infection of the endocardium that affect primarily the valves
Problem has increased w/ IV drug abusers
Patients w/ known valvular disease are @ risk for IE
Patients should be treated prophylactically before dental or invasive procedures
Mitral Stenosis
Narrowing of the opening in the mitral valve that impedes blood flow from the LA to the LV. Valve leaflets become thickened & fibrotic.
❎Rheumatic heart disease is the leading cause
