Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Chapter 35 and 60 > Chapter 35 and 60 > Flashcards

Chapter 35 and 60 Flashcards

1
Q

What is osteoblasts function?

A

build bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is osteocytes function?

A

maintenance of bone (located in lacunae)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is osteoclasts function?

A

remodeling bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where is the osteocyte located?

A

lacunae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where are the osteoclasts located?

A

Howship Lacunae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the epiphysis?

A

End of a long bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the matrix?

A

consists of collagen and ground substances (glycoproteins and proteoglycans) that provide a framework in which inorganic mineral salts are deposited. These minerals are primarily composed of calcium and phosphorus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is osteogenesis?

A

process of bone formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is ossification?

A

process of bone formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the regulating factors of bone formation?

A

stress, vitamin d, parathyroid hormone and calcitonin, blood supply, stress and weight bearing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the major component of bone?

A

provides the skeleton strength and structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is stage 1 of bone healing?

A

hematoma formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is stage 2 of bone healing?

A

fibrocartilaginous callus formation: fibroblasts and osteoblasts migrate to fracture site.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is stage 3 of bone healing?

A

Ossification begins during 3rd or 4th week

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is stage 4 bone healing?

A

Remodeling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is synarthrosis?

A

immovable joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is amphiarthrosis?

A

allow limited movement (ball and socket, hinge, saddle, pivot, gliding)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is diarthrosis?

A

freely movable joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the 6 types of joints?

A

pivot, saddle, plane, hinge, condyloid, ball and socket

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the 4 types of movement of joints?

A

abduction, adduction, lateral, medial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the 11 directions of joint movement?

A

flexion (knee bends), extension (knee straightens),hyperextension, extension, flexion, supination, pronation, circumduction, rotation, abduction, adduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are muscles attached to?

A

bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the other structures of the joint?

A

joint capsule, ligaments, tendons, bursa sac

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is fascia?

A

fibrous tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What does contraction cause and use?

A

movement, and uses energy in the form of ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is a sarcomere?

A

contractile unit of skeletal muscle that contains actin and myosin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What do the muscle cell fibers react to?

A

electrical stimulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What do anaerobic pathways use?

A

glucose metabolized from stored glycogen provides energy for more strenuous muscle activity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What are the 3 different muscle tones?

A

flaccid, spastic, atonic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is hypertrophy?

A

increase in cell size

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is atrophy?

A

decrease in size of the muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is hypotonia?

A

decreased muscle tone

32
Q

What are the three structures that can become spastic?

A

elbow, wrist, fingers

33
Q

What are the signs of atonic seizure?

A

head drop, loss of muscle control, slump or fall forward

34
Q

What is bursa?

A

fluid filled sac found in connective tissue

35
Q

What is clonus?

A

rhythmic contraction of muscles

36
Q

What is crepitus?

A

a grating or crackling sound or sensation

37
Q

What physical assessment of the musculoskeletal system?

A

pain, posture, bone, joint, muscle strength and size, skin, neurovascular status

38
Q

What is CMS?

A

circulation, sensation, movement

39
Q

What are circulation examples?

A

pulse (radial pedal), temperature/color, capillary refill

40
Q

What are sensational examples?

A

Can person feel your touch on fingers/ toes

41
Q

What are movement examples?

A

ask the person to wiggle fingers/toes, squeeze your fingers and push foot against your hands

42
Q

What does the CNS consist of?

A

brain and spinal cord

43
Q

What does the PNS consist of?

A

cranial and spinal nerves, autonomic and somatic nervous system

44
Q

What do the neurons do?

A

electrical impulses and chemical signs to transmit information between areas of the brain and between the brain and the rest of nervous system

45
Q

What do the neurons control?

A

motor, sensory, autonomic, cognitive and behavioral activities

46
Q

What does the autonomic nervous system regulate?

A

functions of internal organs such as heart, stomach, lungs and intestines

47
Q

What system is involuntary?

A

autonomic system

48
Q

What regulates voluntary movements?

A

somatic nervous system

49
Q

T/F Spinal cord is a part of the CNS?

A

True

50
Q

What do neurotransmitters do?

A

communicate messages from one neuron to another or to a specific target tissue

51
Q

What is potentiate?

A

increase the power of something

52
Q

What is innate?

A

adjust or vary (specific action can excite or inhibit a target cell)

53
Q

What are the 3 layers of the membrane?

A

pia mater, arachnoid, dura mater

54
Q

Which layer is the delicate inner layer?

A

pia mater

55
Q

What layer is the middle of the meninges?

A

arachnoid

56
Q

What layer is the tough of the meninges?

A

dura mater

57
Q

What is the weblike middle layer of the Meninges that is filled with fluid that cushions your brain?

A

arachnoid

58
Q

What are dermatomes?

A

areas of the skin in your body that rely on specific nerve connections on your spine.

59
Q

What is the function of the autonomic nervous system?

A

regulate activities of internal organs and to maintain and restore internal homeostasis

60
Q

Which nervous system uses fight or flight responses?

A

Sympathetic Nervous System

61
Q

What is the main neurotransmitter of the Sympathetic nervous system?

A

norepinephrine

62
Q

What does the parasympathetic nervous system control?

A

visceral functions

63
Q

What nervous system uses rest and digestion?

A

parasympathetic nervous system

64
Q

What regulates the autonomic nervous system?

A

spinal cord, brainstem and hypothalamus

65
Q

When you assess neurological assessment, what motor system skills do you test?

A

Muscle size, tone, strength, coordination and balance

66
Q

What is the test that is used for the motor system?

A

Romberg Test

67
Q

When you assess neurological assessment, what reflexes do you test?

A

DTR, biceps, triceps, brachioradialis, patellar Achilles, superficial, pathological, plantar.

68
Q

When you assess neurological assessment, what consciousness and cognition do you test?

A

mental status, intellectual function, though content, emotional status, language ability, impact on lifestyle

69
Q

When you assess neurological assessment, what sensory system do you test?

A

tactile sensation, superficial pain, temperature, vibration and position sense(proprioception)

70
Q

What is the Babinski reflex?

A

stimulus consists of a firm painful stroke along the lateral border of the sole from heel to toe

71
Q

What is the response from the Babinski reflex?

A

consists of movement (flexion or extension) from the big toe and sometimes fanning movement of the other toes

72
Q

When does the Babinski reflex disappear?

A

9-10 months , present at birth

73
Q

What are the 12 cranial nerves?

A

olfactory, optic, oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal, abducens, facial, vestibulocochlear, glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory, hypoglossal

74
Q

What is mnemonic for the cranial nerves?

A

Oh Oh Oh To Touch And Feel (a) Virgin Girl’s Vagina And Hymen

75
Q

What does the Romberg test assess?

A

Balance and coordination

76
Q

What does the Romberg test assess in the patient?

A

assess the ability to stand with feet parallel and together with the eyes open and then closed for 30 seconds

77
Q

What health history will we assess with any patient?

A

-Pain (of any kind? time of day they have pain? better? Worse? Meds?)
-Seizures (of any kind? Ever? Family history?)
-Dizziness (abnormal sensation of imbalance or movement) and vertigo (illusion of movement,
usually rotation)
-Visual disturbances
-Weakness
-Abnormal sensations
-Past health, family, social history

Chapter 35 and 60 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions