chapter 35

Question 1

purpose of respiratory system

Answer 1

transport of O2 to cells and CO2 away from cells (gaseous exchange)

Question 2

upper respiratory system

Answer 2

1. Nose
2. Pharynx
3. Larynx (voice box)

Question 3

lower respiratory system

Answer 3

1. Trachea
2. Bronchial tree (bronchi & alveoli)
3. Lungs

Question 4

functions of respiratory system

Answer 4

Air distribution, gas exchange, and filters air

Question 5

Organs of the upper tract:

Answer 5

Nose, nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx, larynx

Question 6

Organs of the lower tract:

Answer 6

Trachea, segments of the bronchial tree, lungs

Question 7

Cellular respiration:

Answer 7

converts oxygen into energy(ATP)

Question 8

nose

Answer 8

Separated from oral cavity by palate
Soft palate – no bone support
Hard palate– supported by bone

Question 9

Each nasal cavity has ___ passageways;

Answer 9

3 passageways
superior, middle, inferior meatuses

Question 10

Respiratory portion=

Answer 10

external nares->vestibule ->S/M/I meatuses->internal nares->pharynx

Question 11

nasal mucosa

Answer 11

Lines respiratory portion of nose
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
Goblet cells- secrete mucous
Warms and moistens air as it enters
Hairs trap particulates
Olfactory epithelium detects noxious odors

Question 12

Paranasal Sinuses

Answer 12

four pairs of air-containing spaces that open, or drain, into the nasal cavity
Frontal, maxillary, ethmoid, and sphenoid

Question 13

pharynx (throat)

Answer 13

Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharnyx

Question 14

function of the pharynx

Answer 14

Common pathway for respiratory and digestive tracts (trachea = air, esophagus = food)
speech

Question 15

larynx (voice box)

Answer 15

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
2 pairs of lateral folds

Question 16

framework of 9 cartilages

Answer 16

3 single (thyroid, epiglottis, cricoid)
6 pairs (arytenoid, corniculate, cuneiform)

Question 17

Epiglottis-

Answer 17

covers and prevents food to trachea

Question 18

Intrinsic

Answer 18

Origin & insertion on larynx
Control shape & length of vocal cords & of larygneal inlet

Question 19

Extrinsic

Answer 19

Insertion on larynx; origin elsewhere
Contraction moves whole larynx

Question 20

Each bronchus divides into secondary bronchi (23 levels of branching)

Answer 20

->terminal bronchioles->respiratory bronchioles ->alveolar ducts -> alveoli

Question 21

lungs

Answer 21

Cone-shaped organs in pleural portion of thoracic cavity
Diaphragm to clavicles
Lie against the ribs

Question 22

Structures forming the root are

Answer 22

Pulmonary artery (1 per side)
Pulmonary veins (2 per side)
Primary bronchus

Question 23

Pulmonary artery

Answer 23

(1 per side) branch of the pulmonary trunk; brings deoxygenated blood from heart to lungs

Question 24

Pulmonary veins

Answer 24

(2 per side) brings oxygenated blood from lungs back to heart.

Question 25

Primary bronchus

Answer 25

branch of trachea; passageway for air.

Question 26

lobes of the lungs

Answer 26

left= 2 sides
right= 3 sides

Question 27

left of the lungs

Answer 27

2 lobes
superior and inferior (oblique fissure)

Question 28

right of the lungs

Answer 28

Superior, middle, inferior (oblique & horizontal fissure)

Question 29

Pleural divisions:

Answer 29

The parts of the thoracic cavity occupied by the lungs

Question 30

Mediastinum:

Answer 30

The space between the lungs, occupied mainly by the esophagus, trachea, large blood vessels, and heart

Question 31

function of the thorax

Answer 31

Plays a major role in inspiration and expiration

Question 32

disorders of the lower respiratory tract

Answer 32

acute bronchitis
pneumonia
lung cancer