chapter 35 Flashcards
purpose of respiratory system
transport of O2 to cells and CO2 away from cells (gaseous exchange)
upper respiratory system
- Nose
- Pharynx
- Larynx (voice box)
lower respiratory system
- Trachea
- Bronchial tree (bronchi & alveoli)
- Lungs
functions of respiratory system
Air distribution, gas exchange, and filters air
Organs of the upper tract:
Nose, nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx, larynx
Organs of the lower tract:
Trachea, segments of the bronchial tree, lungs
Cellular respiration:
converts oxygen into energy(ATP)
nose
Separated from oral cavity by palate
Soft palate – no bone support
Hard palate– supported by bone
Each nasal cavity has ___ passageways;
3 passageways
superior, middle, inferior meatuses
Respiratory portion=
external nares->vestibule ->S/M/I meatuses->internal nares->pharynx
nasal mucosa
Lines respiratory portion of nose
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
Goblet cells- secrete mucous
Warms and moistens air as it enters
Hairs trap particulates
Olfactory epithelium detects noxious odors
Paranasal Sinuses
four pairs of air-containing spaces that open, or drain, into the nasal cavity
Frontal, maxillary, ethmoid, and sphenoid
pharynx (throat)
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharnyx
function of the pharynx
Common pathway for respiratory and digestive tracts (trachea = air, esophagus = food)
speech
larynx (voice box)
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
2 pairs of lateral folds
framework of 9 cartilages
3 single (thyroid, epiglottis, cricoid)
6 pairs (arytenoid, corniculate, cuneiform)
Epiglottis-
covers and prevents food to trachea
Intrinsic
Origin & insertion on larynx
Control shape & length of vocal cords & of larygneal inlet
Extrinsic
Insertion on larynx; origin elsewhere
Contraction moves whole larynx
Each bronchus divides into secondary bronchi (23 levels of branching)
->terminal bronchioles->respiratory bronchioles ->alveolar ducts -> alveoli
lungs
Cone-shaped organs in pleural portion of thoracic cavity
Diaphragm to clavicles
Lie against the ribs
Structures forming the root are
Pulmonary artery (1 per side)
Pulmonary veins (2 per side)
Primary bronchus
Pulmonary artery
(1 per side) branch of the pulmonary trunk; brings deoxygenated blood from heart to lungs
Pulmonary veins
(2 per side) brings oxygenated blood from lungs back to heart.
Primary bronchus
branch of trachea; passageway for air.
lobes of the lungs
left= 2 sides
right= 3 sides
left of the lungs
2 lobes
superior and inferior (oblique fissure)
right of the lungs
Superior, middle, inferior (oblique & horizontal fissure)
Pleural divisions:
The parts of the thoracic cavity occupied by the lungs
Mediastinum:
The space between the lungs, occupied mainly by the esophagus, trachea, large blood vessels, and heart
function of the thorax
Plays a major role in inspiration and expiration
disorders of the lower respiratory tract
acute bronchitis
pneumonia
lung cancer
