Chapter 34 Flashcards
Cerebellum
Posterior section of the vertebrate brain that is involved in coordination of complex muscle movements, such as those required for locomotion in maintaining balance
Cerebrum
The most anterior section of the vertebrate brain. It is involved in complex decision-making, receiving and interpreting visual information, and in integrating sensory and motor function, and functions in memory speech and interpreting auditory information
Endoskeleton
Bony and/or cartilaginous structures within the body to provide support
Exoskeleton
A hard covering secreted on the outside of the body, use provide support, protection, and muscle attachment
Echinodermata
A major lineage of deuterostome’s distinguished by adult bodies with five sided radial symmetry, a water vascular system, and tube feet.
Cartilage
A type of vertebrate connective tissue that consists of relatively few sells scattered in a stiff matrix of polysaccharides and protein fibers
Cranium
A bony, cartilaginous or fibrous case that encloses and protects the brain of vertebrates
Cephalochordata
One of the three major cordate lineages, compromising small, mobile organisms that live in marine sands. Example: lancelets
Bone
A type of vertebrate connective tissue consisting of living cells and blood vessels within a hard extracellular matrix composed of calcium phosphate and small amounts of calcium carbonate and protein fibers
Amniotic egg
And egg that has a watertight shell or case in closing a membrane-bound water supply food supply and a waste sack
Albumen
A solution of water and protein, found in amniotic eggs, that nourishes the growing embryo. Also called an egg white
Anadromous
Having a life cycle which adults live in the ocean (or large lakes) but migrate up freshwater streams to breed and lay eggs. Example salmon
Forebrain
One of the three main regions of the vertebrate brain; includes the cerebrum, thalamus, and hypothalamus
Gnathostomes
Animals with jaws
Gills
Any organ in aquatic animals that exchanges gases and other dissolved substances between the blood and the surrounding water
Gill arches
In aquatic vertebrates, curved region of tissue between the gills. Gills are suspended from the gill arches.
Invertebrates
A paraphyletic group composed of animals without a back bone; includes about 95% of all animal species.
Midbrain
One of the three main regions of the vertebrate brain; includes sensory integrating and relay centers.
Hindbrain
One of the three main regions of the vertebrate brain; includes the cerebellum and medulla oblongata.
Medulla oblongata
In vertebrates, a region of the brain stem that along with the cerebellum forms the hindbrain
Somites
Paired blocks of mesoderm on both sides of the developing spinal cord in the vertebrate embryo. Give rise to muscle tissue, vertebrae, ribs, limbs, etc.
Notochord
A long, gelatine this, supportive rod down the back of a cordate embryo, below the developing spinal cord. Replaced by vertebrae in most adult vertebrates. A defining feature of chordates.
Pharyngeal gill slits
A set of parallel openings from the throat through the neck to the outside. A diagnostic trait of chordates
Pentaradial symmetry
A type of radial symmetry with five
Radial symmetry
An animal body pattern in which there are least two planes of symmetry. Typically, the body is in the form of a cylinder or disk, with body parts radiating from a central hub.
Tube feet
One of the many small, mobile, fluid field extensions of the water vascular system of Echinoderms; the part extending outside the body is called a podium. Used in locomotion and feeding
Podium
The part of the tube foot that extends outside the body of an echinoderm
Reptiles
One of the two lineages of amniotes distinguished by adaptions for reproduction of land. Includes turtles, snakes and lizards, crocodiles and alligators, and birds.
Tetrapods
Any member of the taxon Tetropoda, which includes all vertebrates with two pairs of limbs. Example amphibians, mammals, birds, and other reptiles
Vertebrates
One of the three major chordate lineages, compromising animals with a dorsal column of cartilaginous or bony structures and a skull in closing the brain. Includes fishes, and amphibians, mammals, reptiles and birds.
Vertebra
One of the cartilaginous or bony elements that form the spine of vertebrate animals
Urochordata
One of the three major cordate lineages, compromising sessile, filter feeding animals that have a polysaccharide exoskeleton and two siphons through which water enters and leaves; also called tunicates or sea squirts.
Water vascular system
In echinoderms, a system of fluid feel tubes and chambers that functions as a hydrostatic skeleton.
Deuterostomes
A major lineage of animals that share pattern of embryological develement, including formation of the anus before the mouth, And the formation of the coelom by pinching off of layers of mesoderm from the gut
