Chapter 34

Question 1

Cerebellum

Answer 1

Posterior section of the vertebrate brain that is involved in coordination of complex muscle movements, such as those required for locomotion in maintaining balance

Question 2

Cerebrum

Answer 2

The most anterior section of the vertebrate brain. It is involved in complex decision-making, receiving and interpreting visual information, and in integrating sensory and motor function, and functions in memory speech and interpreting auditory information

Question 3

Endoskeleton

Answer 3

Bony and/or cartilaginous structures within the body to provide support

Question 4

Exoskeleton

Answer 4

A hard covering secreted on the outside of the body, use provide support, protection, and muscle attachment

Question 5

Echinodermata

Answer 5

A major lineage of deuterostome’s distinguished by adult bodies with five sided radial symmetry, a water vascular system, and tube feet.

Question 6

Cartilage

Answer 6

A type of vertebrate connective tissue that consists of relatively few sells scattered in a stiff matrix of polysaccharides and protein fibers

Question 7

Cranium

Answer 7

A bony, cartilaginous or fibrous case that encloses and protects the brain of vertebrates

Question 8

Cephalochordata

Answer 8

One of the three major cordate lineages, compromising small, mobile organisms that live in marine sands. Example: lancelets

Question 9

Bone

Answer 9

A type of vertebrate connective tissue consisting of living cells and blood vessels within a hard extracellular matrix composed of calcium phosphate and small amounts of calcium carbonate and protein fibers

Question 10

Amniotic egg

Answer 10

And egg that has a watertight shell or case in closing a membrane-bound water supply food supply and a waste sack

Question 11

Albumen

Answer 11

A solution of water and protein, found in amniotic eggs, that nourishes the growing embryo. Also called an egg white

Question 12

Anadromous

Answer 12

Having a life cycle which adults live in the ocean (or large lakes) but migrate up freshwater streams to breed and lay eggs. Example salmon

Question 13

Forebrain

Answer 13

One of the three main regions of the vertebrate brain; includes the cerebrum, thalamus, and hypothalamus

Question 14

Gnathostomes

Answer 14

Animals with jaws

Question 15

Gills

Answer 15

Any organ in aquatic animals that exchanges gases and other dissolved substances between the blood and the surrounding water

Question 16

Gill arches

Answer 16

In aquatic vertebrates, curved region of tissue between the gills. Gills are suspended from the gill arches.

Question 17

Invertebrates

Answer 17

A paraphyletic group composed of animals without a back bone; includes about 95% of all animal species.

Question 18

Midbrain

Answer 18

One of the three main regions of the vertebrate brain; includes sensory integrating and relay centers.

Question 19

Hindbrain

Answer 19

One of the three main regions of the vertebrate brain; includes the cerebellum and medulla oblongata.

Question 20

Medulla oblongata

Answer 20

In vertebrates, a region of the brain stem that along with the cerebellum forms the hindbrain

Question 21

Somites

Answer 21

Paired blocks of mesoderm on both sides of the developing spinal cord in the vertebrate embryo. Give rise to muscle tissue, vertebrae, ribs, limbs, etc.

Question 22

Notochord

Answer 22

A long, gelatine this, supportive rod down the back of a cordate embryo, below the developing spinal cord. Replaced by vertebrae in most adult vertebrates. A defining feature of chordates.

Question 23

Pharyngeal gill slits

Answer 23

A set of parallel openings from the throat through the neck to the outside. A diagnostic trait of chordates

Question 24

Pentaradial symmetry

Answer 24

A type of radial symmetry with five

Question 25

Radial symmetry

Answer 25

An animal body pattern in which there are least two planes of symmetry. Typically, the body is in the form of a cylinder or disk, with body parts radiating from a central hub.

Question 26

Tube feet

Answer 26

One of the many small, mobile, fluid field extensions of the water vascular system of Echinoderms; the part extending outside the body is called a podium. Used in locomotion and feeding

Question 27

Podium

Answer 27

The part of the tube foot that extends outside the body of an echinoderm

Question 28

Reptiles

Answer 28

One of the two lineages of amniotes distinguished by adaptions for reproduction of land. Includes turtles, snakes and lizards, crocodiles and alligators, and birds.

Question 29

Tetrapods

Answer 29

Any member of the taxon Tetropoda, which includes all vertebrates with two pairs of limbs. Example amphibians, mammals, birds, and other reptiles

Question 30

Vertebrates

Answer 30

One of the three major chordate lineages, compromising animals with a dorsal column of cartilaginous or bony structures and a skull in closing the brain. Includes fishes, and amphibians, mammals, reptiles and birds.

Question 31

Vertebra

Answer 31

One of the cartilaginous or bony elements that form the spine of vertebrate animals

Question 32

Urochordata

Answer 32

One of the three major cordate lineages, compromising sessile, filter feeding animals that have a polysaccharide exoskeleton and two siphons through which water enters and leaves; also called tunicates or sea squirts.

Question 33

Water vascular system

Answer 33

In echinoderms, a system of fluid feel tubes and chambers that functions as a hydrostatic skeleton.

Question 34

Deuterostomes

Answer 34

A major lineage of animals that share pattern of embryological develement, including formation of the anus before the mouth, And the formation of the coelom by pinching off of layers of mesoderm from the gut