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Medical Prescription Abbreviations > Chapter 33 Study Guide > Flashcards

Chapter 33 Study Guide Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Define: systemic

A

Affecting the body as a whole
Pg: 644

Bloodstream as a whole

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2
Q

Define: Absorption

A

The movement of a drug into the bloodstream. The rate of absorption depends on many factors, including the route of administration.

Tissue and body fluids.

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3
Q

Define: Side effect

A

A secondary, typically undesirable effect of a drug or medical treatment.

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4
Q

Define: Half-life

A

The amount of time it takes for half a dose of medication to be metabolized and excreted from the body.

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5
Q

What is the official name of a drug?

A

Trade name

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6
Q

What “name” represents the exact drug formula?

A

The chemical name

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7
Q

What factors affect drug dosage?

A

Age, the presence of other drugs and liver disease.

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8
Q

What are the requirements of pediatric dosing compared to adult dosing?

A

Weight and age must be carefully calculated. Needs to be more exact. Start will small doses and increase over time. mL per kg.

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9
Q

What are the most frequently used routes for giving meds?

A

Oral and Parenteral

Parenteral route: drugs by injections.
Mucous membrane absorption: mouth, throat, nose, eyes, rectum, vagina and respiratory tracts.
Oral route:
Topical absorption: application to the skin, eyes & ears. Ointments, creams, lotions & aerosols.

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10
Q

What are the elements of information contained on a prescription order?

A

Superscription: pt. name and address, date, Rx.
Inscription: main part, name of drug, dosage, form, strength.
Subscription: directions for the pharmacist, size of each dose, amount dispensed, form of drug order.
Signature: directions for the patient. Sig how,when, and what quantities.
Refill information: number of time refill allowed.
Physicians signature: manual signature and DEA registration number.

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11
Q

What are the most serious adverse reactions to PCN ?

A

Hypersensitivity anaphylaxis characterized by hives, angiedema, laryngealedema, or shock.

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12
Q

What are some examples of schedule 1 drugs?

A 
Heroin
LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide) 
Marijuana 
Quaalude (methaqualone) 
Peyote ( mescaline) 
PCP (phencyclidine) 
Ecstasy
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13
Q

What primary organ metabolizes drugs?

A

The liver

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14
Q

Define : prophylactic meds

A

Prevents the occurrence of a condition
Example: vaccines prevent the occurrence of specific infectious diseases.
Pg: 639

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15
Q

What is the DEA job?

A

Drug enforcement administration is responsible for controlling narcotics, investigating the illegal sale of dangerous substances and preventing drug abuse through public education.

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16
Q

What is the FDA job?

A

The food and drug administration regulates the development and sale of all prescriptions and OTC drugs.

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17
Q

What is the generic name for Benadryl?

A

Diphenhydramine ; it is a antihistamine.

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18
Q

What is the action of cortisone ?

A

Action: reduce inflammation
Classification: anti-inflammatory agent
A.K.A: prednisone

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19
Q

What is the action of cephalexin ?

A

Action: kill or inhibit growth of microorganism
Classification: antibiotic
A.K.A: keflex

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20
Q

What is the action of Dyazide?

A

Action: inhibit reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the kidneys; promote excretion of excess fluid in the body.
Classification: diuretic

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21
Q

What is the action of keflex?

A

Action: kill or inhibit growth of microorganism.
Classification: antibiotic
A.K.A: cephalexin

22
Q

What is the action of codeine?

A

Action: lessen the sensory function of the brain, block pain receptors.
Classification: analgesics

23
Q

What is the action of Norvasc?

A

Action: block nerve impulses that cause arteries to constrict; slow the heart rate, reducing its contractility; restrict the hormone aldosterone in the blood.
Classification: anti hypertensive agents.
A.K.A: amlodipine

24
Q

What is the names and classification of Lidocaine (xylocaine)?

A

Classification: anesthetics
Action: produce insensibility to pain or the sensation of pain; block nerve impulses to the brain, resulting in unconsciousness; dilate pupils; lower blood pressure; reduce respiratory and pulse rates.
Example: local: lidocaine (xylocaine), procaine (Novacaine).

25
Q

What are the names and classification of warfarin?

A

Classification: anticoagulant
Action: delay or block clotting of blood.
Example: warfarin sodium (Coumadin)
Primary uses: treat blood clots

26
Q

What is ASA? Name the classification? Action? And examples?

A

Aspirin
Classification: analgesic
Action: lessen the sensory function of the brain; block pain receptors
Examples: aspirin, Tylenol, oxycodone (OxyContin)

27
Q

What is APAP? What is the classification, action, examples?

A

Acetaminophen (Tylenol)
Classification: analgesics
Action: lessen sensory function of the brain; block pain receptors.
Example: OTC narcotics: aspirin, Tylenol.
Narcotic: oxycodone (OxyContin)

28
Q

Analgesic

Action? Example? Primary use? General rise effects?

A

Action: lessen the sensory function of the brain, block pain receptors.
Examples: nonnarcotic: aspirin, acetaminophen (Tylenol)
Narcotic: oxycodone (OxyContin)
Primary use: relieve pain
General side effects: nonnarcotic: liver and kidney disorders, GI disorders.
Narcotic: suppression of vital signs, agitation, blurred vision, confusion.

29
Q

Oral hypoglycemics agents

Action? Examples? Primary use? General side effects?

A

Action: reduce blood glucose level by increasing insulin production and/or reducing target cells resistance to insulin, or by delaying glucose absorption.
Examples: acarbose (Precose)
Primary use: manage diabetes mellitus type 2.
General side effects: GI irritation, vertigo, hypersentitivity, fatigue.

30
Q

Diuretics

Actions? Examples? Primary uses? General side effects?

A

Action: inhibit reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the kidneys; promote excretion of excess fluid in the body.
Examples: Hydrochlorothiazide (Dyazide), furosemide (Lasix),
Primary use: increase urinary output; lower blood pressure.
General side effects: dehydration, muscle weakness, fatigue, gout, hyperglycimia.

31
Q

Define: Local

A

Restricted to one spot or part, not General

Pg.644

32
Q

Define: Diagnostic

A

Helps to determine the cause of a particular health problem
Example : injecting antigen serum for allergy testing.

(Terminology describing drug uses pg. 639)

33
Q

Define: Potentiation

A

A form of synergism in which the effect of one drug is enhanced by the presence of another drug.
Example: two drugs have different actions, but one increases the effect of another.
(Terms related to drug interactions pg. 645)

34
Q

Define: Replacement

A

Provides the patient with a substance needed to maintain health.

Example: insulin for patients with diabetes

(Terminology describing drug uses pg. 639)

35
Q

Define: Antagonism

A

The action if one drug diminishes the effect or shortens the duration of action of another drug.

(Related to drug interactions pg. 645)

36
Q

Define: Synergism

A

A drug enhances the intensity or prolongs the action of another drug.

Example: can have a positive affect as when two different antibiotics are used to treat an infection. Or a negative affect when two drugs lower blood pressure to dangerous levels.

(Terms related to drug interactions pg. 645)

37
Q

Define: Palliative

A

Indicates that the drug does not cure but provides relief from pain or symptoms related to the disorder.

Example: the use of antihistamine for allergy symptoms or narcotics for pain relief.

(Terminology describing drug uses pg. 639)

38
Q

Define: Therapeutic

A

Treats a disorder and cures it.

Example: Antibiotics cure bacterial meningitis infections.

(Terminology describing drug uses pg. 639)

39
Q

Analgesic

A

Block pain receptors

40
Q

Anesthetics

A

Block nerve impulses

41
Q

Antibiotics

A

Kill microorganism

42
Q

Antidepressant

A

Treat depression

43
Q

Antihistamines

A

Counteract effects of histamine by blocking action in tissues.

44
Q

Antipuretic

A

Relieve itching

45
Q

Diuretics

A

Inhibit reabsorption.

46
Q

Anticoagulants

A

Block or delay blood clots

47
Q

Antifungals

A

Slow fungus growth

48
Q

Anti hypertensive

A

Reduce and control blood pressure

49
Q

Hypoglycemic

A

Reduce blood glucose
Manage type 2 diabetes
Example of drug: acarbose (Precose)

50
Q

Lidocaine (xylocaine) is a

A

Anesthetic block nerve impulses to brain

Medical Prescription Abbreviations (3 decks)

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