Chapter 33 Study Guide Flashcards
Define: systemic
Affecting the body as a whole
Pg: 644
Bloodstream as a whole
Define: Absorption
The movement of a drug into the bloodstream. The rate of absorption depends on many factors, including the route of administration.
Tissue and body fluids.
Define: Side effect
A secondary, typically undesirable effect of a drug or medical treatment.
Define: Half-life
The amount of time it takes for half a dose of medication to be metabolized and excreted from the body.
What is the official name of a drug?
Trade name
What “name” represents the exact drug formula?
The chemical name
What factors affect drug dosage?
Age, the presence of other drugs and liver disease.
What are the requirements of pediatric dosing compared to adult dosing?
Weight and age must be carefully calculated. Needs to be more exact. Start will small doses and increase over time. mL per kg.
What are the most frequently used routes for giving meds?
Oral and Parenteral
Parenteral route: drugs by injections.
Mucous membrane absorption: mouth, throat, nose, eyes, rectum, vagina and respiratory tracts.
Oral route:
Topical absorption: application to the skin, eyes & ears. Ointments, creams, lotions & aerosols.
What are the elements of information contained on a prescription order?
Superscription: pt. name and address, date, Rx.
Inscription: main part, name of drug, dosage, form, strength.
Subscription: directions for the pharmacist, size of each dose, amount dispensed, form of drug order.
Signature: directions for the patient. Sig how,when, and what quantities.
Refill information: number of time refill allowed.
Physicians signature: manual signature and DEA registration number.
What are the most serious adverse reactions to PCN ?
Hypersensitivity anaphylaxis characterized by hives, angiedema, laryngealedema, or shock.
What are some examples of schedule 1 drugs?
Heroin LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide) Marijuana Quaalude (methaqualone) Peyote ( mescaline) PCP (phencyclidine) Ecstasy
What primary organ metabolizes drugs?
The liver
Define : prophylactic meds
Prevents the occurrence of a condition
Example: vaccines prevent the occurrence of specific infectious diseases.
Pg: 639
What is the DEA job?
Drug enforcement administration is responsible for controlling narcotics, investigating the illegal sale of dangerous substances and preventing drug abuse through public education.
What is the FDA job?
The food and drug administration regulates the development and sale of all prescriptions and OTC drugs.
What is the generic name for Benadryl?
Diphenhydramine ; it is a antihistamine.
What is the action of cortisone ?
Action: reduce inflammation
Classification: anti-inflammatory agent
A.K.A: prednisone
What is the action of cephalexin ?
Action: kill or inhibit growth of microorganism
Classification: antibiotic
A.K.A: keflex
What is the action of Dyazide?
Action: inhibit reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the kidneys; promote excretion of excess fluid in the body.
Classification: diuretic
What is the action of keflex?
Action: kill or inhibit growth of microorganism.
Classification: antibiotic
A.K.A: cephalexin
What is the action of codeine?
Action: lessen the sensory function of the brain, block pain receptors.
Classification: analgesics
What is the action of Norvasc?
Action: block nerve impulses that cause arteries to constrict; slow the heart rate, reducing its contractility; restrict the hormone aldosterone in the blood.
Classification: anti hypertensive agents.
A.K.A: amlodipine
What is the names and classification of Lidocaine (xylocaine)?
Classification: anesthetics
Action: produce insensibility to pain or the sensation of pain; block nerve impulses to the brain, resulting in unconsciousness; dilate pupils; lower blood pressure; reduce respiratory and pulse rates.
Example: local: lidocaine (xylocaine), procaine (Novacaine).
What are the names and classification of warfarin?
Classification: anticoagulant
Action: delay or block clotting of blood.
Example: warfarin sodium (Coumadin)
Primary uses: treat blood clots
What is ASA? Name the classification? Action? And examples?
Aspirin
Classification: analgesic
Action: lessen the sensory function of the brain; block pain receptors
Examples: aspirin, Tylenol, oxycodone (OxyContin)
What is APAP? What is the classification, action, examples?
Acetaminophen (Tylenol)
Classification: analgesics
Action: lessen sensory function of the brain; block pain receptors.
Example: OTC narcotics: aspirin, Tylenol.
Narcotic: oxycodone (OxyContin)
Analgesic
Action? Example? Primary use? General rise effects?
Action: lessen the sensory function of the brain, block pain receptors.
Examples: nonnarcotic: aspirin, acetaminophen (Tylenol)
Narcotic: oxycodone (OxyContin)
Primary use: relieve pain
General side effects: nonnarcotic: liver and kidney disorders, GI disorders.
Narcotic: suppression of vital signs, agitation, blurred vision, confusion.
Oral hypoglycemics agents
Action? Examples? Primary use? General side effects?
Action: reduce blood glucose level by increasing insulin production and/or reducing target cells resistance to insulin, or by delaying glucose absorption.
Examples: acarbose (Precose)
Primary use: manage diabetes mellitus type 2.
General side effects: GI irritation, vertigo, hypersentitivity, fatigue.
Diuretics
Actions? Examples? Primary uses? General side effects?
Action: inhibit reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the kidneys; promote excretion of excess fluid in the body.
Examples: Hydrochlorothiazide (Dyazide), furosemide (Lasix),
Primary use: increase urinary output; lower blood pressure.
General side effects: dehydration, muscle weakness, fatigue, gout, hyperglycimia.
Define: Local
Restricted to one spot or part, not General
Pg.644
Define: Diagnostic
Helps to determine the cause of a particular health problem
Example : injecting antigen serum for allergy testing.
(Terminology describing drug uses pg. 639)
Define: Potentiation
A form of synergism in which the effect of one drug is enhanced by the presence of another drug.
Example: two drugs have different actions, but one increases the effect of another.
(Terms related to drug interactions pg. 645)
Define: Replacement
Provides the patient with a substance needed to maintain health.
Example: insulin for patients with diabetes
(Terminology describing drug uses pg. 639)
Define: Antagonism
The action if one drug diminishes the effect or shortens the duration of action of another drug.
(Related to drug interactions pg. 645)
Define: Synergism
A drug enhances the intensity or prolongs the action of another drug.
Example: can have a positive affect as when two different antibiotics are used to treat an infection. Or a negative affect when two drugs lower blood pressure to dangerous levels.
(Terms related to drug interactions pg. 645)
Define: Palliative
Indicates that the drug does not cure but provides relief from pain or symptoms related to the disorder.
Example: the use of antihistamine for allergy symptoms or narcotics for pain relief.
(Terminology describing drug uses pg. 639)
Define: Therapeutic
Treats a disorder and cures it.
Example: Antibiotics cure bacterial meningitis infections.
(Terminology describing drug uses pg. 639)
Analgesic
Block pain receptors
Anesthetics
Block nerve impulses
Antibiotics
Kill microorganism
Antidepressant
Treat depression
Antihistamines
Counteract effects of histamine by blocking action in tissues.
Antipuretic
Relieve itching
Diuretics
Inhibit reabsorption.
Anticoagulants
Block or delay blood clots
Antifungals
Slow fungus growth
Anti hypertensive
Reduce and control blood pressure
Hypoglycemic
Reduce blood glucose
Manage type 2 diabetes
Example of drug: acarbose (Precose)
Lidocaine (xylocaine) is a
Anesthetic block nerve impulses to brain
