Chapter 33 Rest and sleep

Question 1

define rest

Answer 1

condition where your body is in a state of decreased activity and consequent feeling of being refreshed

Question 2

define sleep

Answer 2

a state of rest accompanied by altered consciousness and relative inactivity

Question 3

sleeping is a complex rhythmic state involving repeated cycles, and each cycle representing different phases of what?

Answer 3

body and brain activity

Question 4

Name the 2 systems in the brain stem that work together to control the cyclic nature of sleep

Answer 4

RAS (Reticuar Activating System)

bulbar synchronizing region

Question 5

Which specific part of the brain facilitates reflex and voluntary movements as well as cortical activities related to state of alertness?

Answer 5

RAS

Question 6

The fibers of the RAS have connections that relay impulses into which 2 places?

Answer 6

cerebral cortex

spinal cord

Question 7

When is “wakefulness” in the RAS activated?

Answer 7

activated with stimuli from the cerebral cortex and from periphery sensory organs and cells

Question 8

Name the 3 sensations that produce wakefulness by means of peripheral organs and cells

Answer 8

pain
pressure
noise

Question 9

Where would you find an involuntary control center for sleeping and waking?

Answer 9

hypothalamus

Question 10

Injury to the hypothalamus may cause someone to sleep for abnormally ____ periods

Answer 10

long

Question 11

List some of the NT involved in the sleep process
(list 5 involved with excitation)
(give the name/abbreviation of the one necessary for inhibition)

Answer 11

excitation: NE, ACh
dopamine, serotonin, histamine
inhibition: GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid)

Question 12

What type of clocks assoc. with sleep exist with plants, animals, and humans?

Answer 12

Rhythmic biologic clocks

Question 13

Circadian Rhythms complete a full cycle every ___ hours

Answer 13

every 24 hours

Question 14

When there is an interference with your normal cycle of circadian rhythm, what is this called?

Answer 14

• circadian disruption

or chronodisruption

Question 15

For nurses that work graveyard, the exposure to light at night during normal sleeping hours is called what?

Answer 15

night-shift chronodisruption

Question 16

When do problems of desyncronization occur?

Answer 16

when sleep-wake patterns are frequently altered and the person attempts to sleep during high-activity rhythms or to work when the body is physiologically prepared to rest

Question 17

Name the 2 major stages of sleep

Answer 17

NREM: Non rapid eye movement
REM: Rapid eye movement

Question 18

How much of our sleep is NREM sleep?

Answer 18

75% total

Question 19

How many stages of NREM sleep are there and what happens during them?

Answer 19

4 stages
Stage I and II: light sleep states
Stage III and IV: deep sleep or delta sleep (slow wave)

Question 20

define arousal threshold

Answer 20

the intensity of stimulus required to awaken

greatest in stage IV NREM

Question 21

which Nervous System dominates during NREM sleep?

Answer 21

parasympathetic

Question 22

How much of a person’s nightly sleep time is consumed by REM sleep?

Answer 22

20-25%

Question 23

REM sleep is believed to be essential to mental and emotional equilibrium and plays a role in what 3 things?

Answer 23

• learning
• memory
• adaptation

Question 24

If you are deprived of REM sleep for several nights, what does your body to to ensure you get a constant amount of it?

Answer 24

it will increase the amount of time spent in REM sleep in successive nights, this is called REM rebound

Question 25

How many cycles of sleep will a person go through each night and on average how long does each cycle last?

Answer 25

four to five cycles

each cycle on average 90-100 minutes

Question 26

what is the name for the alternating between NREM and REM sleep during cycles?

Answer 26

sleep architechture

Question 27

Which stage of NREM sleep is a transitional stage between wakefulness and sleep?

Answer 27

Stage I

Question 28

In Which stage of NREM sleep does a person finally fall into a stage of sleep but can be aroused with relative ease and this constitutes for 50 to 55% of sleep

Answer 28

Stage II

Question 29

Which stage of NREM sleep counts for about 10% of sleep and depth of sleep increases and arousal starts becoming difficult?

Answer 29

Stage III

Question 30

In which stage of NREM sleep does a person reach the greatest depth of sleep “delta sleep”?

Answer 30

Stage IV

Question 31

REM sleep enters from which stage of NREM sleep and then reenters NREM sleep at which stage?

Answer 31

Stage II for both