Chapter 321 - Complications of Cancer Therapy Flashcards

1
Q

When do neutrophil nadirs typically occur after administering cytotoxic drugs?
When do platelet nadirs typically occur?

A

Neutrophils - 5-10 days (typically ∼7 days)
Platelets - 7-14 days

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2
Q

Which drugs typically cause clinically significant neutropenia?

A

Carboplatin, doxorubicin, CCNU, mitoxantrone, vinblastine, and vinorelbine
Cyclophosphamide and vincristine are less myelosuppressive, but either can cause severe neutropenia with higher doses.

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3
Q

Which drug is considered more platelet sparing?

A

cyclophosphamide

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4
Q

When do neutrophil and platelet nadirs typically occur after carboplatin?

A

14-21 days in both dogs and cats

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5
Q

Lomustine CCNU can have variable nadirs in cats when do these typically occur

A

occurring 7-28 days after and persisting as long as 14 days, especially with higher doses

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6
Q

Dogs with which gene mutation have a higher risk of side effects from some cytotoxic drugs? (vinca alkaloids (vincristine, vinblastine, vinorelbine), doxorubicin, mitoxantrone, taxanes, and dactinomycin)

A

ABCB1-1delta (MDR-1)
Typical breeds: Collies, Australian Shepherds, McNabs, Silken Windhounds, Long-Haired Whippets, Shetland Sheepdogs, and German Shepherd Dogs

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7
Q

When is it recommended to check CBC when administering chemotherapy?

A

Typically 7 days ± 14 days) post-chemotherapy (for neutrophil nadir).
Prior to administering a pulse dose of any cytotoxic agent

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8
Q

What are the general thresholds for neutrophils and platelets for delaying treatment for 2-7d to allow BM recovery?

A

neutrophil counts <1500 to 2000 cells/mcL
platelet counts <75,000 to 100,000 cells/mcL

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9
Q

What are some of the risk factors for developing sepsis following chemotherapy in dogs?

A

lower body weight, diagnosis of lymphoma, administration of doxorubicin or vincristine

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10
Q

In a study of 70 dogs with chemotherapy-induced febrile neutropenia what was the hospital stay and mortality?

A

average hospital stay of 3 days and a mortality rate of 8.5%

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11
Q

Which drugs typically cause transient thrombocytopenia

A

carboplatin, CCNU, dacarbazine, melphalan, dactinomycin, cytosine arabinoside, and doxorubicin

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12
Q

Which drugs can cause cumulative and sometimes irreversible thrombocytopenia when given chronically

A

Certain alkylating agents (CCNU, chlorambucil, melphalan)

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13
Q
A
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