Chapter 32: Intro to Animals

Question 1

Heterotrophic

Answer 1

Require a source of food to acquire energy and nutrients

Question 2

Cleavage

Answer 2

A succession of cell division without growth between divisions. Zygote undergoes cleavage, leading to a blastula, which undergoes gastrulation

Question 3

Blastula phase

Answer 3

Rapid division of cells

Question 4

Gastrulation

Answer 4

Folding produces embryonic layers that are the precursors of organs

Question 5

Geologic Timeline

Answer 5

Paleozoic era, Mesozoic era, Cenozoic era

Question 6

Body symmetry

Answer 6

Asymmetrical, radial symmetry, bilateral symmetry

Question 7

Radial symmetry

Answer 7

Body parts arranged around a single central axis

Question 8

Bilateral symmetry

Answer 8

Body parts are arranged around two axes of orientation, the head-tail axis and the dorsal-ventral axis

Question 9

Asymmetry

Answer 9

No visible symmetry

Question 10

Germ layers

Answer 10

Ectoderm, endoderm, mesoderm

Question 11

Ectoderm

Answer 11

Covers embryo’s surface, outer covering and central nervous system

Question 12

Mesoderm

Answer 12

Fills space between endoderm and ectoderm, muscles and most organs

Question 13

Endoderm

Answer 13

Innermost layer, lines blind pouch that forms gut, lining of digestive tract and organs

Question 14

Diploblastic

Answer 14

Animal that only have ectoderm and endoderm

Question 15

Triploblastic

Answer 15

All bilaterally symmetrical animals, animals containing a third germ layer

Question 16

Body cavity

Answer 16

Fluid or air filled space between digestive tract and outer body wall

Question 17

Body cavity functions

Answer 17

Cushions the suspended organs, acts as skeleton, enables organ growth

Question 18

Coelom

Answer 18

Body cavity surrounded by tissues derived from mesoderm

Question 19

Hemocoel

Answer 19

Body cavity formed between the mesoderm and endoderm, filled with hemolymph

Question 20

Hemolymph

Answer 20

Fluid that transports nutrients and waste throughout the body cavity

Question 21

Protostome development

Answer 21

Spiral and determinate cleavage (mouth first)

Question 22

Deuterostome development

Answer 22

Radial and indeterminate cleavage (mouth second)

Question 23

Spiral cleavage

Answer 23

Planes of cell division are diagonal to vertical axis of embryo

Question 24

Determinate cleavage

Answer 24

Rigidly determines the developmental fate of each embryonic cell very early

Question 25

Radial cleavage

Answer 25

Planes of division are either parallel or perpendicular to embryos vertical axis

Question 26

Indeterminate cleavage

Answer 26

Each cell produced by early cleavage is able to form a complete embryo

Question 27

Archenteron

Answer 27

Blind pouch formed during gastrulation which becomes the gut

Question 28

Blastopore

Answer 28

An indentation in the gastrulation that leads to the formation of the archenteron which eventually forms the mouth or anus. Protosome is mouth, deuterostome is anus