Chapter 32 - Cellular Radiobiology Flashcards
The response of the cell is either
cellular transformation or cell death
can result in a late stochastic effect at the human level
Cellular transformation
can result in an early deterministic effect at the human level
Cell death
Most effects on cells results in _______ because of recovery and repair metabolic processes
no response
According to the __________, for a cell to die after radiation exposure, its target molecule must be inactivated
Target theory
______, the target molecule is located within the cell nucleus
DNA
Originally, it was used to represent cell lethality. It can be used equally well, however, to describe non-lethal radiation-induced cell abnormalities.
target theory
occur through both direct and indirect effects
hits
When a hit occurs through indirect effect, the size of the target appears _________ because of the mobility of the free radicals.
considerably larger
with low LET radiation, in the absence of oxygen, the probability of a hit on the target molecule is ____ because of the relatively large distances between ionizing events
low
If oxygen is present, free radicals are formed and the volume of effectiveness surrounding each ionization is ____
enlarged
early radiation experiments at the cell level were conducted with simple cells, such as ____
bacteria
Normal cells are planted individually and are incubated for 10 to 14 days, they divide many times and produce a visible colony that consists of many cells.
Cell cloning
A higher radiation dose leads to the formation of _____
fewer colonies
The lethal effects of radiation are determined by observing ______, not cell death
cell survival
