chapter 32 Flashcards
What is responsible for developing sperm?
male reproductive system
What are considered the primary organs of the male reproductive system because they produce male sex cells.
Testes
What also produces the male hormone testosterone?
Testes
Most males have how many testes?
two
most males have two testes that are held just below what?
the pelvic cavity in the scrotum
during the fetal stage the testes develop in what?
abdominal cavity of the fetus.
when do the testes descend into the scrotal sac located just below the pelvic cavity?
shortly before or soon after birth.
What begins the process of making sperm cells?
Spermatoogenic cells of the seminiferous
the sperm cells do not mature until they travel to the…
epididymis
What is the process of sperm cell formation?
Spermatogenesis
Where is the epididymis located?
on top of each testis.
what happens inside the epididymis?
spermatids mature to become sperm cells.
What tube is coneccted to each epididymis?
Vas deferens
what tubes carry sperm cells from the epididymis to the urethra in the male pelvic cavity?
Vas deferens
what tube is are cut and tied on a male, or fulgurated, called a vasectomy, to prevent sperm from reaching the ovum.
Vas Deferens
___ ___ are sac-like organs that secrete an alkaline siminal fluid that is rich in sugars and prostaglandins..
Seminal vesicles
what release their product into the vas ddeferns just before ejaculation.
seminal vesicles
what makes up approximately 60% of semen volume?
seminal fluid
the muscular ____ ___ surrounds the proximal portion of the urethra.
prostate gland
what makes up about 40% of semen volume?
prostatic fluid
during ejaculation, the muscular contractions of the ___ help expel semen
prostate.
What is a mixture of sperm cells and fluids from the seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbourethral glands.
Semen
a normal sperm count is more than…
80 million
what are the two male external reproductive organs?
scrotum & penis.
what is a pouch of skin that holds the testes?
scrotum
what holds the testes away from the rest of the body, keeping their temperature about one degree lower than the rest of the body, which is necessary for the viability of the sperm?
Scrotum
What is a cylindrical organ that moves urine and sperm out of the body?
penis
at the end of the penis is enlarged into a cone shaped structure called the ___ ___.
glans penis
what functions in urination because it contains the urethra, which drains urine from the bladder?
the penis
what secretes hormones that regulate male reproductive functions?
the hypothalamus, the anterior gland, and the testes
the hypothalamus release a hormone called?
gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)
GnHR stimulates the anterior pituitary gland to release…
(FSH) follicle-stimulating hormone, and (LH) lutenizing hormone
what causes spermatogenesis to begin?
FSH Follicle-stimulating hormone.
What stimulates interstitial cells to produce testosterone?
LH lutenizing hormone
what is responsible for the development of male secondary sex characteristics that are typically unique to males.
testosterone
what also stimulates the maturation of male reproductive organs?
testosterone
what are considered the primary female sex organs ?
The ovaries
the ovaries are considered the primary females sex organs because they produce the female sex cells called…
ova
what do the ovaries also produce?
estrogen and progesterone.
what are the female hormones?
estrogen and progesterone
how many ovaries do most females have?
two
Where are the ovaries located?
in the pelvic cavity
what shape are ovaries?
oval
what are the female reproductive internal accessory organs?
fallopian tubes, uterus, and vagina
what is also called a oviduct?
a fallopian tube.
what opens near each ovary, and yhe other end connects to the uterus?
fallopian tubes.
what is the fringed, expanded end of the fallopian tube near an ovary called.
infundiubulum
the infundibulum ends in ___ or finger-like projections.
fimbriae
what “catches” and ovum as it leaves an ovary?
the infundibulum and fimbriae
what is a hollow, muscular organ that recieves a developing embryo and sustains its development?
uterus
what is the upper domed portion of the uterus called?
fundus
what is the main portion of the uterus called?
the body
what is the narrow, lower portion that extends into the vagina called?
cervix.
what is the opening of the cervix called?
the cervical orifice
the wall of the uterus has three layers which are the..
endometrium, myometrium, and perimetrium
what is the innermost lining of the uterus
endometrium
what is vascular with a rich blood supply and also contains numerous tubular glands that secrete mucus?
the endometrium
what is the middle, thick, muscular layer of the uterus?
myometrium
what is a thin layer that covers the myometrium, and secretes serous fluid that coats and protects the uterus?
perimetrium
what is a tubular, muscular organ that extends from the uterus to the outside of the body?
the vagina
what is the muscular folds of the vagina?
the rugae
the rugae, the muscular folds of the vagina, allow it to…
expand to recieve and erect penis during sexual intercourse, and to provide a passageway for delivery of offspring as well as for uterine secretions.
the opening of the vagina to the outside is known as the..
vaginal os, the vaginal orifice, or the vaginal introitus
the female external genitalia, collectively known as the vulva, include the following structures…
mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, urethral meatus, vaginal orifice, bartholins glands, and perineum
what are rounded folds of adipose tissue and skin that protect the other external female reproductive organs?
the labia majora
what are typically covered in pubic hair in post-pubescent females
the labia majora
what are folds of the skin between the labia majora? they are pinkish in color because of their high degree of vascularity. they merge together anteriorly to form a hood over the clitoris.
the labia minora
sometimes referred to as the vestibular glands, secrete mucus into this area during sexual arousal
the Bartholin’s glands
what is anterior to the urethral meatus. it contains the female erectile tissue and is rich in sensory nerves
clitoris
what is the area between the vagina and the anus? this area that is sometimes “clipped” during the birth process, in a procedure known as an episiotomy.
perineum
spermatgonia contains 46 chromosomes
these cells undergo mitosis , and the resulting cells are called primary spermatocytes. which also contain 46 chromosomes.
the testis are one degree lower than the body temperature
,mn,
