Chapter 32 Flashcards
Deuterostome Animals
What are deuterostomes?
Deuterostomes are bilaterian animals that include the largest-bodied and some of the most morphologically and behaviorally complex animals, including humans.
What percentage of known animal species are invertebrates?
Over 95 percent of known animal species are invertebrates, most of them being protostomes.
When did the main gene regulatory networks that characterize animals originate?
The main gene regulatory networks originated in the Cambrian period.
What is the water vascular system in echinoderms?
The water vascular system is a series of branching fluid-filled tubes and chambers that aids in movement and gas exchange.
What is the feeding mechanism of sea stars?
Sea stars are carnivores with an extrudable stomach that digests prey into a nutritious soup.
What are the four key morphological features of chordates?
Chordates are characterized by pharyngeal slits, a dorsal hollow nerve cord, a notochord, and a muscular post-anal tail.
What are cephalochordates?
Cephalochordates are small, mobile, torpedo-shaped animals that lack a well-defined head and suspension feed.
What are the three major sub-lineages of urochordates?
The three major sub-lineages of urochordates include sea squirts, salps, and larvaceans.
What distinguishes vertebrates?
Vertebrates are distinguished by vertebrae and a cranium.
What are the three regions of the vertebrate brain?
The vertebrate brain is developed into the forebrain (sense of smell), midbrain (vision), and hindbrain (balance and hearing).
What are primates?
Primates are a lineage of mammals that include prosimians, monkeys, and great apes.
What are the characteristics of prosimians?
Prosimians are relatively small, tree-dwelling, and active at night.
Pre-Monkey ERA
What are the characteristics of great apes?
Great apes, also called hominids, are relatively large-bodied, have long arms, short legs (except humans), and no tail.
What is a monophyletic group of hominins?
Hominins are a monophyletic group comprising Homo sapiens and more than 20 extinct species.
