Chapter 31 Soft-Tissue Trauma Flashcards
1
Q
1. The MOST significant immediate threat to a patient with a soft-tissue injury is: A) nerve damage. B) infection. C) disfigurement. D) hemorrhage.
A
Ans: D Page: 1545
2
Q
- The skin is also referred to as the: A) melanin. B) integument. C) epithelium. D) collagen.
A
Ans: B Page: 1545
3
Q
- All of the following are functions of the skin, EXCEPT: A) providing the immune response for the body. B) protecting the underlying tissue from injury. C) sensing changes in the external environment. D) assisting in the regulation of body temperature.
A
Ans: A Page: 1545-1546
4
Q
- The outermost layer of the epidermis: A) consists of nonliving cells that are continuously being shed. B) is a tough, highly elastic layer than contains melanin granules. C) contains numerous fibroblasts that secrete collagen and elastin. D) is comprised of living cells that give rise to the stratum corneum.
A
Ans: A Page: 1546
5
Q
- _________ is a fibrous protein that gives the skin high resistance to breakage under mechanical stress. A) Fibrin B) Elastin C) Collagen D) Melanin
A
Ans: C Page: 1546
6
Q
- When the ambient temperature is high: A) the dermis produces less collagen, which temporarily decreases the skin’s ability to retain warmth. B) blood vessels in the dermis dilate, which increases blood flow to the skin and allows heat to dissipate. C) sweat glands in the epidermis produce sweat, which is evaporated from the skin surface by the air. D) constriction of the vessels in the dermis brings warm blood to the surface of the skin, where it is eliminated.
A
Ans: B Page: 1546
7
Q
- Physical injury to the skin: A) causes a decrease in the production of macrophages and lymphocytes, thus increasing the risk of infection. B) commonly destroys the stratum corneum, the deep dermal layer of the skin, and causes nerve damage. C) promotes cutaneous vasoconstriction, which shunts blood away from the injury and manifests as pallor around the injury site. D) triggers mast cells to degranulate and synthesize special chemical mediators, which causes the injured area to become warm and red.
A
Ans: D Page: 1547
8
Q
- The skin helps regulate body temperature through: A) peripheral vasodilation, which shunts cool blood to the core of the body. B) the production of sweat, which is evaporated from the surface of the skin. C) increased elastin production, which provides insulation to the epidermis. D) cutaneous vasoconstriction, which brings warm blood to the skin’s surface.
A
Ans: B Page: 1547
9
Q
- Which of the following substances is produced in the dermis and keeps the skin supple so that it doesn’t crack? A) Sebum B) Elastin C) Collagen D) Ground substance
A
Ans: A Page: 1547
10
Q
- The subcutaneous tissue is: A) the layer of tissue above the dermis that mainly produces sweat. B) a thin layer of tissue from which blood vessels exclusively originate. C) also called the superficial fascia and consists mainly of adipose tissue. D) the deep fascial layer that ensheathes muscle and other internal structures.
A
Ans: C Page: 1547
11
Q
- A laceration that lies perpendicular to the skin’s tension lines: A) results in minimal external bleeding and typically heals spontaneously within 2 to 3 hours. B) generally remains closed and does not require suturing or other methods of wound closure. C) often remains open, heals more slowly, and is more likely to result in abnormal scar formation. D) does not disrupt the body’s blood-clotting process and tends to heal without the formation of a scar.
A
Ans: C Page: 1547
12
Q
- Which of the following statements regarding soft-tissue injuries is correct? A) Most soft-tissue injuries require immediate care to prevent blood loss. B) They are often the most obvious, but are seldom the most life threatening. C) Soft-tissue injuries should be covered immediately upon patient contact. D) Most soft-tissue injuries are hidden and require a systematic assessment.
A
Ans: B Page: 1545
13
Q
- During the process of wound healing, hemostasis: A) permanently stops the wound from bleeding and facilitates healing. B) is a physiologic process in which the body’s platelets are destroyed. C) occurs when the bone marrow transiently produces more red blood cells. D) temporarily stops bleeding via vasoconstriction and platelet aggregation.
A
Ans: D Page: 1549
14
Q
- During the inflammation phase of the healing process: A) white blood cells are forced away from the injury by vasoconstriction. B) histamine causes vasodilation and increased blood flow to the injury. C) damaged cell parts and microorganisms invade and infect the wound. D) the processes of epithelialization and collagen synthesis are impaired.
A
Ans: B Page: 1549
15
Q
- During the neovascularization phase of the wound healing process: A) new blood vessels form as the body attempts to bring oxygen and nutrients to the injured tissue. B) histamine makes the capillaries more permeable, resulting in swelling in and around the injury site. C) collagen provides stability to the damaged tissue and joins wound borders, thereby closing the open tissue. D) microscopic vasculature damaged by the injury is digested by macrophages through a process called phagocytosis.
A
Ans: A Page: 1549
16
Q
- Which of the following conditions or factors would MOST likely delay or impair healing of a wound? A) Diabetes B) Obesity C) Alcohol use D) Hypertension
A
Ans: A Page: 1550
17
Q
- A patient taking _______________ would MOST likely experience a delay in the healing of a wound. A) antidepressants B) acetaminophen C) antihypertensives D) corticosteroids
A
Ans: D Page: 1550
18
Q
- A wound is at HIGHEST risk for infection if: A) the patient uses an antibacterial spray. B) it occurs to any part of the facial area. C) it is caused by a human or animal bite. D) the patient has poor peripheral circulation.
A
Ans: C Page: 1550
19
Q
- Which of the following patients is at HIGHEST risk for a pressure injury? A) An obese patient B) A bedridden patient C) A hypertensive patient D) A patient with diabetes
A
Ans: B Page: 1550
20
Q
- Which of the following wounds usually requires substantial irrigation and debridement prior to closure? A) Degloving injuries B) Jagged lacerations C) Any wound to the face D) Wounds over tension lines
A
Ans: A Page: 1550
21
Q
- Which of the following is the MOST common cause of necrotizing fasciitis? A) A fungal infection B) Clostridium tetani C) Hemolytic streptococci D) Clostridium perfringens
A
Ans: C Page: 1551
22
Q
- Systemic signs of infection secondary to a soft-tissue injury include: A) erythema. B) pus drainage. C) fever and chills. D) lymphangitis.
A
Ans: C Page: 1550
23
Q
- Necrosis of tissue caused by an anaerobic, toxin-producing bacterium is called: A) tetanus. B) gangrene. C) fasciitis. D) lymphedema.
A
Ans: B Page: 1550
24
Q
- An infection characterized by painful muscle contractions is called: A) pertussis. B) polio. C) rabies. D) tetanus.
A
Ans: D Page: 1551
25
Q
- The swelling that occurs in conjunction with a contusion is caused by: A) inflammation of the injured blood vessels. B) rupture of large blood vessels in the dermis. C) aggregation of platelets to the injured site. D) leakage of fluid into spaces between the cells.
A
Ans: D Page: 1547
26
Q
- In contrast to a contusion, a hematoma is: A) accompanied by ecchymosis. B) caused by large vessel damage. C) rarely accompanied by a bruise. D) a less significant closed injury.
A
Ans: B Page: 1547