chapter 31 part 2

Question 1

ossification or replacement of cartilage by more solid bony tissue is not completed until what age

Answer 1

is not completed throughout the body until 20 to 25 years

Question 2

what decrease in older adults because of the resorption of mineral

Answer 2

bone density

Question 3

the loss of what____

and is more severe in women

Answer 3

bone mass

and

osteoporosis

Question 4

thinning of the intervertebral cartilage and a collapse of the vertebra which results in

and partially responsible for the decrease in ht in older adults

Answer 4

kyphosis (dowager’s hump)

Question 5

when joint cartilage thins and erodes from years of use it result in ?

Answer 5

Stiffness and crepitation

Question 6

grafting sounds of the joints

Answer 6

crepitation

Question 7

muscle cramp especially at night increases because of what in older adults

Answer 7

impaired circulation and accumulation of metabolic waste

Question 8

what are some causes of musculoskeletal disorder

Answer 8

disease

trauma

malnutrition

and aging

Question 9

may cause bruising, strain, sprain, or fracture

Answer 9

trauma

Question 10

trauma may cause

Answer 10

bruising, strain, sprain, or fracture

Question 11

may deprive the body of sufficient calcium and phosphorus

Answer 11

poor nutrition

Question 12

poor nutrition may cause

Answer 12

may deprive the body of sufficient calcium and phosphorus

Question 13

inadequate protein intake can and malignant can cause

Answer 13

muscle wasting

Question 14

the decrease in estrogen production after menopause is to believed to be a contributing factor to the occurrence of

Answer 14

osteoporosis

Question 15

refer to the function and structure of the musculoskeletal system

Answer 15

orthopedic

Question 16

what type of exercise is needed in life to maintain bone mass and can decrease the incidence of osteoporosis and increases muscle strength

Answer 16

wt-bearing exercise

Question 17

tai jin balance training is beneficial in

Answer 17

reducing fall

Question 18

some products that are good for adequate amount of calcium and phosphorus

Answer 18

dairy product:

cheese
yogurt and
milk

Question 19

some nondairy product that are good for adequate amount of calcium and phosphorus

Answer 19

cannes sardines
salmon
tofu
figs
and dried apricots

Question 20

what are some other mineral that are good for healthy bones

and how can you consumed them

Answer 20

Mg
Vit K

diet containing meat and green vegetable
=spinach

Question 21

what can smoking do w musculoskeletal

Answer 21

increases:

osteoporosis
hip fracture
developing exercise related injuries
effect in healing
effect on athletic performance
low back pain and RA

Question 22

what test are performed for
bone growth to detect bone disorder such as

bone metastasis
muscle damage
detect grout
RA
other connective tissue disease

Answer 22

laboratory blood test

Question 23

when reviewing th PT’s past history what should you keep in mind

Answer 23

primarily and secondary affects
nutritional deficiencies
family history

Question 24

what is one of the primary issue for pt who have a problem w/ mobility

Answer 24

self-care deficit

Question 25

decrease cardiac output with reduced force of cardiac contraction is result from

which can lead to

Answer 25

lack of physical activity

venous stasis and potential blood clots

Question 26

reduce lung expansion and reduce gas exchange can lead to potential

Answer 26

atelectasis and pooling of secretion

reduced cough effort predisposes them to stasis pneumonia

Question 27

prolonged immobility leads to

Answer 27

reduce muscle mass and atrophy

osteoporosis

Question 28

slowing of peristalsis and decreases muscle strength

decrease appetite happen when there is a

Answer 28

decrease of physical activity which can cause constipation

Question 29

calcium from bone increase in the blood from?

bone tone____

Answer 29

immobility

decreases

Question 30

foot splint are appropriate for proper positioning of the feet to prevent foot drop in what type of pt

Answer 30

pt w flaccid

Question 31

if you put a foot splint on a pt w spastic paralysis what could happen

what can you use instead

Answer 31

trigger muscle contraction and aggravate the spasticity

a bed cradle or pillow of bedclothes
help prevent foot drop i these pt

Question 32

is the result of injury or disease in which the tissue of the joint are replaced by a bony overgrowth that completely obliterates the joint

Answer 32

Ankylosis

Question 33

how can you prevent Ankylosis

Answer 33

proper positioning and movement of the joints

Question 34

how many times should ROM should be done

and what do it help maintain

Answer 34

it should be done 3 or 4 times a day

it helps maintain connective tissue w/in the joint

Question 35

involve generation tension between two opposing sets of muscle

EX: trying to flex the lower arm while using the opposite hand to try to extend it

Answer 35

isometric exercise

Question 36

isometric exercise may be contraindicated in pt’s with

and why

Answer 36

hypertension

increased intracranial pressure

congestive heart failure

because it causes a significant increase in b/p and heart rate

Question 37

pt’s with rheumatoid arthritis should be administered what before their exercise

Answer 37

analgesic or an anti inflammatory drug

30 to 60 mins before

Question 38

in a quadriceps setting what should you instruct the pt to do for exercise

Answer 38

straighten out their legs out while lying down and tense the leg muscle and straighten the knee while raising the heel slightly

then count to 5 then release for 5 for 10-15mins

Question 39

in a gluteal setting what should you instruct the pt to do for exercise

Answer 39

to contract the buttock and pitch them together for a count of 4 then relax for a count of 5

do this for 10-15 mins