Chapter 31- Growth and Development Flashcards
Cephalocaudal development
child gains control of the head and neck before the trunk and limbs.
What is proximodistal development
When child gains control of his trunk before his limbs.
why do nurses use anticipatory guidance
to predict upcoming developmental tasks and needs of a child and to perform appropriate teaching related to them.
What is Freud’s theoretical framework consist of?
He composed psychoanalytic techniques that sexual energy is centered in specific parts of the body at certain ages.
What are the three parts of Freud’s personality structure?
id: that basic sexual energy is present at birth and drives the individual to seek pleasure
ego: the realistic part of the person, which develops during infancy and searches for acceptable methods of meeting impulses.
superego: the moral/ethical system, which develops in childhood.
What stage of life is infancy
birth to 12 months
What is the age group for Toddlerhood>?
1-3 years
Preschoolers?
3-6 years
School Age?
6-12 years old
Adolescence?
12-18 years old
What are the 4 defense mechanisms and what do they mean?
Regression: Return to an earlier behavior.
Repression: Involuntary forgetfulness
Rationalization: An attempt to make unacceptable feeling acceptable.
Fantasy: creating scenarios in your head
What is Freud’s Oral Stage?
Birth to 1 year: infant derives pleasure from the mouth by sucking and eating
What is Freud’s Anal Stage?
1 to 3 years: The young child’s pleasure is centered in the anal area, with control over body secretions as a prime force in behavior
What is Freud’s Phallic Stage?
3 to 6 years old: Sexual energy is shifted to the genetalia
What is Freud’s Latency Stage?
6 to 12 years old. Sexual energy is at rest
What is Freud’s Genital age?
12 to adulthood: mature sexuality is achieved.
What is Erickson’s theoretical framework beliefs?
he describes psychosocial developmental theory, which describes psychosocial stages during 8 period of human life.
What are the 8 stages of Erickson’s theories?
Trust vs Mistrust (birth to 1) Autonomy Vs Shame and Doubt ( 1-3 years) Initiative vs Guilt (3-6 years) industry vs inferiority (6 to 12 years) Identity vs Role confusion (12 to 18 )
What is Piagets Theory of Development?
A theory of cognitive development.
What is Piaget’s Sensorimotor Stage?
Birth to 2 years old: learns through use of senses
Birth to 1 month: Uses of reflexes- sucking, rooting, grasping
1-4 months: Primary Circular reactions
4-8 months: Secondary Circular Reactions
8-12 months: Coordiation of secondary Schemes
12-18 months: Tertiary circular reactions
What is Piaget’s Preoparational Stage?
2-7 years old- Logic not developed
2-4- preconceptual substage- child is unable to see things from perspective.
4-7 Intuitive substage rely on transduction reasonin
7-11 Concrete Operational (7-11 years) Can reason well
11-adulthood Fully mature
What is the social learning theory
Children model behavior they see. They repeat positively reinforced behavior. They are more likely to cooperate if they see other people performing the task willingly
What is the behaviorism theory
Behavior can be elicited by positive reinforcement
Behavior can be extinguished by negative reinforcement.
Give an example of positive reinforcement
give a sticker after a blood draw or exam.
