Chapter 31: Fungi

Question 1

Describe how fungi obtain their nutrients

Answer 1

Heterotrophs that absorb nutrients from their environment by secreting hydrolytic enzymes which break down nutrients into smaller bits to absorb

Question 2

fungi that break down and absorb nutrients from non-living material

Answer 2

decomposers

Question 3

fungi that absorb nutrients from a living host

Answer 3

parasitic

Question 4

fungi that absorb nutrients from a living host but reciprocate with actions that benefit the host

Answer 4

mutualistic

Question 5

most common fungal body structure

Answer 5

multi-cellular filaments and single cells (yeast) - most grow as multicellular filaments

Question 6

hyphae

Answer 6

network of tiny filaments tat consist of tubular cell walls surrounding the plasma membrane and cytoplasm of the cells

Question 7

cell walls are strengthened by ______ , which can enhance feeding by absorption

Answer 7

chitin - strong and flexible polysaccharide

Question 8

hyphae are divided into cells by cross-walls called

Answer 8

septa

Question 9

what are coenocytic fungi?

Answer 9

fungi that lack septa and have a continuous cytoplasmic mass having hundred/thousands of nuclei

Question 10

fungal hyphae form an interwoven mass called _____ that infiltrate the material on which the fungus feeds

Answer 10

mycelium

Question 11

haustoria

Answer 11

specialized hyphae used to extract nutrients from, or exchange nutrients with, plant hosts

Question 12

mutually beneficial relationships between fungi and plants roots are called _______ which can improve the delivery of phosphate ions and other minerals to plants because the hyphae are more effective at collecting nutrients

Answer 12

mycorrhizae

Question 13

type of mycorrhizal fungi that forms sheaths of hyphae over the surface of a root and typically grow into the extracellular spaces of the root cortex

Answer 13

ectomycorrhizal fungi

Question 14

type of mycorrhizal fungi that extend branching hyphae thru the root cell wall and into tubes formed by invagination of the root cell plasma membrane

Answer 14

arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Question 15

fungi can reproduce sexually or asexually, producing a large amount of _______

Answer 15

spores - haploid cells

Question 16

nuclei and spores of of most fungi are _____

Answer 16

haploid

Question 17

sexual reproduction begins when ______ from two mycelia release __________

Answer 17

hyphae - pheromones

Question 18

the union of cytoplasms of two parent mycelia

Answer 18

plasmogamy

Question 19

the haploid nuclei contributed by the parents fuse, producing diploid cells. zygotes and other transient structures develop during this stage, the only DIPLOID stage in most fungi

Answer 19

karyogamy

Question 20

______ follows karyogamy, restoring haploid condition, ultimately leading to the formation of genetically diverse spores.

Answer 20

meiosis

Question 21

fungi that grow as filamentous fungi that produce haploid spores by mitosis and have visible mycelia

Answer 21

mold

Question 22

asexual reproduction by this type of fungi occurs by ordinary cell division or by the pinching of small “bud cells” off a parent cell

Answer 22

yeast

Question 23

group of fungi that were observed to have no sexual reproduction stage in their life cycles

Answer 23

deuteromycetes