Chapter 31: Fungi(2)

Question 1

The zygomycetes are named for their sexually produced _______

Answer 1

The zygomycetes are named for their sexually produced zygosporangia

Question 2

Zygosporangia are the site of ____________ and then _______

Answer 2

Zygosporangia are the site of karyogamy and then meiosis

Question 3

What can zygosporangia survive?

Answer 3

Zygosporangia are resistant to freezing and drying

– can survive unfavorable conditions

Question 4

Explain ascomycetes.

Answer 4

• Commonly called sac fungi
• Ascomycetes produce sexual spores in saclike asci contained in fruiting bodies called ascocarps
• They include plant pathogens, decomposers, and symbionts

Question 5

How do ascomycetes reproduce?

Answer 5

Ascomycetes reproduce asexually in enormous numbers of asexual spores called conidia

Question 6

Conidia are not formed inside sporangia; they are produced asexually at the tips of specialized hyphae called _________

Answer 6

Conidia are not formed inside sporangia; they are produced asexually at the tips of specialized hyphae called conidiophores

Question 7

____________were once considered zygomycetes

Answer 7

Glomeromycetes (phylum Glomeromycota) were once considered zygomycetes

Question 8

Glomeromycetes form ________

Answer 8

Glomeromycetes form arbuscular mycorrhizae

Question 9

Fungi interact with other organisms as __________

Answer 9

Fungi interact with other organisms as decomposers, mutualists, and pathogens

Question 10

What is the role of fungi as decomposers?

Answer 10

Fungi are efficient decomposers of organic material including cellulose and lignin

• They perform essential recycling of chemical elements between the living and nonliving world
• Approaches to use fungi in bioremediation projects are being developed

Question 11

What are the mutualistic relationships fungi develop?

Answer 11

Fungi form mutualistic relationships with
– plants
– algae
– cyanobacteria
– Animals

Question 12

What are endophytes?

Answer 12

Plants harbour harmless symbiotic endophytes, fungi that live inside leaves or other plant parts

• Endophytes make toxins that deter herbivores and defend against pathogens
• Most endophytes are ascomycetes

Question 13

What are the practical uses of fungi?

Answer 13

Food – Humans eat many fungi
(mushrooms) and use others to make
– cheeses,
– alcoholic beverages, and
– bread

Question 14

What is the medicinal use of fungi?

Answer 14

Some fungi produce antibiotics for treatment of bacterial infections

– For example, the ascomycete
Penicillium