Chapter 3.1 - From Algae To Terrestrial Plants Flashcards
What is the singular of algae?
Alga
How many phylas of algae are there?
6 phyla’s of algae
What are algae a member of? Which kingdom?
Protista
Are algae unicellular or multicellular?
Both
Multicellular algae are called what?
Seaweeds
What are seaweeds classified into?
3 phylas based on their colour; brown, red and green
What other kingdom contains multicellular photosynthetic members ?
Plant kingdom
What is the evolutionary link between plants and algae?
Green algae
What is an algae?
A unicellular or multicellular photosynthetic aquatic protist
How many unicellular, plant-like Protists are there in algae? What are they?
3; dinoflagellates, diatoms, euglenoids
How many phyla of seaweeds are there? What are they named?
3; based on colour, brown,red or green
Phyla of dinoflagellates? How many species? Single or multi celled?
Pyrrophytes
1000 species
Unicellular
Phyla of red algae? # of species? Simple or multi cellular?
Rhodophytes
6000 species
Multicellular
Phyla of brown algae? # of species? Simple or multi cellular?
Phaeophytes
1500 species
Multicellular
Phyla of diatoms? # of species? Simple or multi cellular?
Chrysophytes
10000 species
Unicellular
Phyla of green algae? # of species? Simple or multi cellular?
Chlorophytes
7000 species
Multicellular
Phyla of euglenoids? # of species? Simple or multi cellular?
Euglenophytes
800 species
Unicellular
brown algae are the largest and probably most complex Protists? T or f
True
What seaweed is most abundant enough to be key components of marine and tidal environments?
Brown algae
List 2 Examples of brown algae?
Kelp & rock weed
Brown algae has true leaves or roots? T or f
False
Brown algae has specialized tissue? T or f
True
What is a holdfast?
Structure that anchors the algae to a hard structure
Example of a hold fast?
A shell
A long stem like structure is called ??
Stipe
A Stipe extends from the ??
Holdfast
Brown algae have leaf-like blades used to collect what?
Light, and take in CO2 and give off O.
What seaweed is the first multicellular organism? 1.5-1.2billion years ago?
Red algae
What algae can grow to a metre in length? And the most abundant LARGE algae in the warm coastal waters of tropical oceans?
Red algae
Does red algae have green chlorophyll?
Yes
What other pigment does red algae have?
Phycoerythrin
Phycoerythrin is sensitive to light waves, t or f?
True
Why does red algae appear red to the eyes?
Light-sensitive pigments reflect red wavelengths of light
Red algae is economically important how?
Preserves food
Most green algae aren’t aquatic, t or f?
False
Where are green algae most commonly found?
Fresh water while some live in saltwater environments
Is green algae structurally diverse?
Yes
What are chlamydomonas?
Green algae, unicellular and move about using flagella
What is a volvox?
Green algae, unicellular and flagellated
What is a ulva?
Can grow a metre in length,green algae, 2 cell walls thick, produces spores that swim using flagella
What is the most plant-like of the algae?
Green algae
How are green algae and plants alike?
They have the same types of chlorophyll, same colour, cell walls contain cellulose and they store food reserves in the form of starch, DNA is similar
Why chlorophyll types does green algae and plants have?
Chlorophyll a and b
How do other kingdoms store food?
As glycogen
What is a plant ?
Multicellular photosynthetic eukaryotes with cellulose-based cell walls
What is a major step in plant evolution?
Transition from aquatic to terrestrial
How do plants reproduce?
Using an embryo
What is an embryo?
An organisms early ore-birth stage of development. Small, simple, multicellular that are dependant on the parent plant for a time
What are spirit reproduction?
Sexual reproduction that alternates between a gamete-making individual and a spore-making individual
What is a gametophyte?
The haploid plant in approximately reproduction that produces gametes by mitosis
What is a sporophyte
The diploid plant in approximately reproduction that produces spores by meiosis
What was a limitation to the first land plants?
Did not have tissues that allowed the transport of different materials over long distances
What are the two types of vascular tissues?
Xylem and phloem
What is a xylem?
Carries water and minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant. Consist of dead tube-shaped cells that contain a tough material called lignin. Login foes xylem forms a firm structure that allows water and minerals to be transported through out the plant
Fortification of xylem with lignin lowed the development of ??
Trees and first forests
What are phloem tissues?
Living cells that are arranged in tubular form and used to transport larger molecules including sugars
Vascular tissues allowed the evolution of??
Roots
What do roots do?
Provide strong anchoring ability and cells specialized in absorbing and transporting water and minerals
Leaves evolved after the creation of what?
Vascular tissues
What do leaves do?
Increase surface area of the plant allowing for a better exchange of gases in photosynthesis and a larger surface for capturing sunlight
What’s another name for spirit reproducion?
Alternation of gerneration
What does alternation of generation mean?
That there are actually two multi cellular staves in the life cycle
What is the haploid version if the organism called?
Gametophyte
Gametophytes produce haploid gametes by meiosis? T or f
False. Haploid gametes are produced by mitosis.
Haploid cells contain how many sets of chromosomes?
One set
What happens when gametes fuse?
They develop into the diploid version of the organism called SPOROPHYTE
How many sets of chromosomes does a diploid have?
Two sets.
Sporophytes produce spores by meiosis which develop into____?
Haploid gametophyte
