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Biology > Chapter 3.1 - From Algae To Terrestrial Plants > Flashcards

Chapter 3.1 - From Algae To Terrestrial Plants Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

What is the singular of algae?

A

Alga

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1
Q

How many phylas of algae are there?

A

6 phyla’s of algae

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2
Q

What are algae a member of? Which kingdom?

A

Protista

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3
Q

Are algae unicellular or multicellular?

A

Both

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4
Q

Multicellular algae are called what?

A

Seaweeds

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5
Q

What are seaweeds classified into?

A

3 phylas based on their colour; brown, red and green

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6
Q

What other kingdom contains multicellular photosynthetic members ?

A

Plant kingdom

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7
Q

What is the evolutionary link between plants and algae?

A

Green algae

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8
Q

What is an algae?

A

A unicellular or multicellular photosynthetic aquatic protist

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9
Q

How many unicellular, plant-like Protists are there in algae? What are they?

A

3; dinoflagellates, diatoms, euglenoids

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10
Q

How many phyla of seaweeds are there? What are they named?

A

3; based on colour, brown,red or green

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11
Q

Phyla of dinoflagellates? How many species? Single or multi celled?

A

Pyrrophytes
1000 species
Unicellular

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12
Q

Phyla of red algae? # of species? Simple or multi cellular?

A

Rhodophytes
6000 species
Multicellular

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13
Q

Phyla of brown algae? # of species? Simple or multi cellular?

A

Phaeophytes
1500 species
Multicellular

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14
Q

Phyla of diatoms? # of species? Simple or multi cellular?

A

Chrysophytes
10000 species
Unicellular

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15
Q

Phyla of green algae? # of species? Simple or multi cellular?

A

Chlorophytes
7000 species
Multicellular

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16
Q

Phyla of euglenoids? # of species? Simple or multi cellular?

A

Euglenophytes
800 species
Unicellular

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17
Q

brown algae are the largest and probably most complex Protists? T or f

A

True

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18
Q

What seaweed is most abundant enough to be key components of marine and tidal environments?

A

Brown algae

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19
Q

List 2 Examples of brown algae?

A

Kelp & rock weed

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20
Q

Brown algae has true leaves or roots? T or f

A

False

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21
Q

Brown algae has specialized tissue? T or f

A

True

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22
Q

What is a holdfast?

A

Structure that anchors the algae to a hard structure

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23
Q

Example of a hold fast?

A

A shell

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24
Q

A long stem like structure is called ??

A

Stipe

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25
Q

A Stipe extends from the ??

A

Holdfast

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26
Q

Brown algae have leaf-like blades used to collect what?

A

Light, and take in CO2 and give off O.

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27
Q

What seaweed is the first multicellular organism? 1.5-1.2billion years ago?

A

Red algae

28
Q

What algae can grow to a metre in length? And the most abundant LARGE algae in the warm coastal waters of tropical oceans?

A

Red algae

29
Q

Does red algae have green chlorophyll?

A

Yes

30
Q

What other pigment does red algae have?

A

Phycoerythrin

31
Q

Phycoerythrin is sensitive to light waves, t or f?

A

True

32
Q

Why does red algae appear red to the eyes?

A

Light-sensitive pigments reflect red wavelengths of light

33
Q

Red algae is economically important how?

A

Preserves food

34
Q

Most green algae aren’t aquatic, t or f?

A

False

35
Q

Where are green algae most commonly found?

A

Fresh water while some live in saltwater environments

36
Q

Is green algae structurally diverse?

A

Yes

37
Q

What are chlamydomonas?

A

Green algae, unicellular and move about using flagella

38
Q

What is a volvox?

A

Green algae, unicellular and flagellated

39
Q

What is a ulva?

A

Can grow a metre in length,green algae, 2 cell walls thick, produces spores that swim using flagella

40
Q

What is the most plant-like of the algae?

A

Green algae

41
Q

How are green algae and plants alike?

A

They have the same types of chlorophyll, same colour, cell walls contain cellulose and they store food reserves in the form of starch, DNA is similar

42
Q

Why chlorophyll types does green algae and plants have?

A

Chlorophyll a and b

43
Q

How do other kingdoms store food?

A

As glycogen

44
Q

What is a plant ?

A

Multicellular photosynthetic eukaryotes with cellulose-based cell walls

45
Q

What is a major step in plant evolution?

A

Transition from aquatic to terrestrial

46
Q

How do plants reproduce?

A

Using an embryo

47
Q

What is an embryo?

A

An organisms early ore-birth stage of development. Small, simple, multicellular that are dependant on the parent plant for a time

48
Q

What are spirit reproduction?

A

Sexual reproduction that alternates between a gamete-making individual and a spore-making individual

49
Q

What is a gametophyte?

A

The haploid plant in approximately reproduction that produces gametes by mitosis

50
Q

What is a sporophyte

A

The diploid plant in approximately reproduction that produces spores by meiosis

51
Q

What was a limitation to the first land plants?

A

Did not have tissues that allowed the transport of different materials over long distances

52
Q

What are the two types of vascular tissues?

A

Xylem and phloem

53
Q

What is a xylem?

A

Carries water and minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant. Consist of dead tube-shaped cells that contain a tough material called lignin. Login foes xylem forms a firm structure that allows water and minerals to be transported through out the plant

54
Q

Fortification of xylem with lignin lowed the development of ??

A

Trees and first forests

55
Q

What are phloem tissues?

A

Living cells that are arranged in tubular form and used to transport larger molecules including sugars

56
Q

Vascular tissues allowed the evolution of??

A

Roots

57
Q

What do roots do?

A

Provide strong anchoring ability and cells specialized in absorbing and transporting water and minerals

58
Q

Leaves evolved after the creation of what?

A

Vascular tissues

59
Q

What do leaves do?

A

Increase surface area of the plant allowing for a better exchange of gases in photosynthesis and a larger surface for capturing sunlight

60
Q

What’s another name for spirit reproducion?

A

Alternation of gerneration

61
Q

What does alternation of generation mean?

A

That there are actually two multi cellular staves in the life cycle

62
Q

What is the haploid version if the organism called?

A

Gametophyte

63
Q

Gametophytes produce haploid gametes by meiosis? T or f

A

False. Haploid gametes are produced by mitosis.

64
Q

Haploid cells contain how many sets of chromosomes?

A

One set

65
Q

What happens when gametes fuse?

A

They develop into the diploid version of the organism called SPOROPHYTE

66
Q

How many sets of chromosomes does a diploid have?

A

Two sets.

67
Q

Sporophytes produce spores by meiosis which develop into____?

A

Haploid gametophyte

Biology (5 decks)

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