Chapter 31: Antimalaria & Anthelmintics & Peptides

Question 1

What is malaria caused by?

Answer 1

Plasmodium Protozoa

Question 2

How do you transmit or get malaria? (2)

Answer 2

Transmitted by the bite of an infected adult female mosquito

Blood, congenitally needles

Question 3

Where are the common places of malaria?

Answer 3

Africa
Asia
Central
South America

Question 4

What is the thought process of malaria? Like how we treat it?

Answer 4

We want to prevent it By giving medications regime

And treatment as soon as you get it and prevent relapse

Question 5

Are you sick right away when you get bitten by a mosquito?

Answer 5

No
Takes a minute

Question 6

There are two type of phases
What are the names?

Answer 6

Exoerythrocytic phase
Erythrocytic phase

Question 7

What is the exoerythrocytic phase? (2)

Answer 7

Occurs outside the erythrocyte
Asymptotic

Question 8

What is erythrocytic phase? (2)

Answer 8

Occurs inside the erythrocyte
Symptomatic phase

Question 9

There are two interdependent life cycles
Which are
And describe it?

Between these two
When are drugs effective?

Answer 9

Sexual cycle - inside mosquito
Asexual cycle - inside in the human

Asexual cause human!

Question 10

What is the incubation of malaria?

Answer 10

10-35

Up to a month

Question 11

After a month of incubation of malaria
Many report getting hit by a bus!
What are the main symptoms? (4)

Answer 11

Fever above 104^
Chills & rigors ( shakes )
Sweating
Prolonged sleep

Question 12

The United States doesn’t have malaria
So when a client is coming up with similar symptoms of it, what is something we should ask?

Answer 12

Have you been traveling?

Question 13

How long are you severely sick for?

Answer 13

48-72 hours

Question 14

What is the biggest thing about malaria though when you are sick?

Answer 14

It comes for 48-72 hours then feel better
Then it repeats again

Question 15

How do we know you have malaria?
Diagnoses

Answer 15

CBC

Question 16

What are 3 ways to treat malaria?

Answer 16

Prevent
Treat acute attack
Prevent relapse

Question 17

What do we want to do to help prevent malaria?
Steps? (3)

Answer 17

Prophylaxis Anti malaria 1-2 weeks before you leave and in your system
Before you go to the place to

Take the medication the whole time you’re there

Then keep taking it for 4-8 weeks !!

Question 18

If the patient stops taking anti malaria, what will happen!?

Answer 18

They will get malaria

Question 19

What are some side effects of anti malaria? (5)

Answer 19

Hearing impairment
Renal impairment
Blood dyscrasias
Cardiac side effects
Visual disturbances

Question 20

What do we want to look at before taking anti malaria drugs?
Baseline of what? And explain why for each ? (4)

Answer 20

CBC - blood dyscrasias
( bun and creatine )
Vision - disturbances
Hearing - loss
Renal - impaired

Question 21

If a patient is having any signs of loss of vision, hearing, kidney, cardiac problems they should what?

Answer 21

Inform the doctor

Question 22

What patient education will we do for these patients?
Think of what it is effecting ?

Answer 22

Liver problems

Alcohol avoidance

Question 23

Overall what is the biggest biggest thing to tell our patients ?

Answer 23

Finish the medication
2 weeks before
During the time
4-8 weeks after ( being in states )

Question 24

How often do we take these medications?

With what?

Can we use with foods?

Answer 24

Weekly!

Water

Yes

Question 25

Now we are gonna talk about worms!!!

Question 26

What is helminths?

Answer 26

Parasitic worms

Question 27

What are the 4 groups of worms? Or helminths?

Answer 27

Cestodes ( tape worms ) Trematodes ( flukes ) Intestinal nematodes ( roundworms ) Extra intestinal tissue invading nemeatodes ( trichinosis, filariae )

Question 28

Usually the helminths, parasitic worms effect?

Answer 28

GI system

Question 29

Usually what are the complication of helminths?

Answer 29

Intestinal obstruction Malabsorption of nutrients Secondary bacterial infections

Question 30

What is the transmission of helminths?

Answer 30

Occurs in poor sanitation and hygiene ( Fecal to oral )

Question 31

What are the sites that helminths effect?

Answer 31

Intestine Lymphatic system Blood vessels Liver

Question 32

Notes helminths Entry from incited soil to humans via Contaminated food Bites of carrier insects Direct penetration of skin

Question 33

Pinworms are very common in which age group?

Answer 33

School age kids

Question 34

Where do the pinworms lay their eggs?

Answer 34

Around their anus

Question 35

When one person has worms, what does that mean?

Answer 35

Everyone has pinwroms Treat everyone!!

Question 36

What do we educate these people on?

Answer 36

Hand washing! Following medication

Question 37

So what is the medication treatment we are going to use for these worms?

Answer 37

Anti helmintic drugs

Question 38

What is the duration we usually have people on these medication for? Like how many days?

Answer 38

1-3 days

Question 39

However What is the most important thing about being on anthelminic drug?

Answer 39

We need to know the specific worm to treat with a specific drug!

Question 40

How can we know the specific worm that is causing the infection ?

Answer 40

Fecal collection Urine collection Blood collectuon Sputum collection Tissue collection

Question 41

Can we treat someone with worms without culture?

Answer 41

NO!!!!

Question 42

Now onto peptides!!

Question 43

What do peptides treat?

Answer 43

Anti viral Anti microbial Anti fungal Anti parasitic

Question 44

What are the 4 peptides medications?

Answer 44

Collistimethate Polymyxins Bacitracin Metronidazole

Question 45

What do we need to know about metronizaole? (2)

Answer 45

Don’t drink alcohol! Metallic taste

Question 46

Just know for symptoms that peptides are like antibiotics Superinfection Headache Diarrhea

Question 47

Practice question 1 Which is the most appropriate nursing intervention for a patient who is taking mefloquine and hydroxychloroquine? Collect stool specimen Assess the patient hearing Advise the patient to take showers, not baths Encourage female patients to have a Pap test every 6 months

Answer 47

Assess the patient hearing

Question 48

Practice question 2 Travelers visiting malaria infested countries are instructed to? Avoid mosquitoes in these countries Receive immunization before travel Visit these countries only while in good health Take prophylactic antibiotic before traveling

Answer 48

Take prophylactic antibiotic before traveling

Question 49

Practice question 3 Which information will the nurse include when teaching a patient about anthelminitic therapy? Take the medication 1 hour before meals Take a bath at least once a day Change your sheets every other day Be aware that drowsiness may occur

Answer 49

Be aware that drowsiness may occur

Question 50

Practice question 4 The nurse is aware that most patients receiving metronidazole are being treated for infections of the? Urinary tract Gastrointestinal system Integumentary system Reproductive system

Answer 50

Gastrointestinal system