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343 Pharm Exam 4 > Chapter 31: Antimalaria & Anthelmintics & Peptides > Flashcards

Chapter 31: Antimalaria & Anthelmintics & Peptides Flashcards

1
Q

What is malaria caused by?

A

Plasmodium Protozoa

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2
Q

How do you transmit or get malaria? (2)

A

Transmitted by the bite of an infected adult female mosquito

Blood, congenitally needles

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3
Q

Where are the common places of malaria?

A

Africa
Asia
Central
South America

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4
Q

What is the thought process of malaria? Like how we treat it?

A

We want to prevent it By giving medications regime

And treatment as soon as you get it and prevent relapse

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5
Q

Are you sick right away when you get bitten by a mosquito?

A

No
Takes a minute

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6
Q

There are two type of phases
What are the names?

A

Exoerythrocytic phase
Erythrocytic phase

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7
Q

What is the exoerythrocytic phase? (2)

A

Occurs outside the erythrocyte
Asymptotic

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8
Q

What is erythrocytic phase? (2)

A

Occurs inside the erythrocyte
Symptomatic phase

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9
Q

There are two interdependent life cycles
Which are
And describe it?

Between these two
When are drugs effective?

A

Sexual cycle - inside mosquito
Asexual cycle - inside in the human

Asexual cause human!

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10
Q

What is the incubation of malaria?

A

10-35

Up to a month

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11
Q

After a month of incubation of malaria
Many report getting hit by a bus!
What are the main symptoms? (4)

A

Fever above 104^
Chills & rigors ( shakes )
Sweating
Prolonged sleep

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12
Q

The United States doesn’t have malaria
So when a client is coming up with similar symptoms of it, what is something we should ask?

A

Have you been traveling?

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13
Q

How long are you severely sick for?

A

48-72 hours

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14
Q

What is the biggest thing about malaria though when you are sick?

A

It comes for 48-72 hours then feel better
Then it repeats again

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15
Q

How do we know you have malaria?
Diagnoses

A

CBC

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16
Q

What are 3 ways to treat malaria?

A

Prevent
Treat acute attack
Prevent relapse

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17
Q

What do we want to do to help prevent malaria?
Steps? (3)

A

Prophylaxis Anti malaria 1-2 weeks before you leave and in your system
Before you go to the place to

Take the medication the whole time you’re there

Then keep taking it for 4-8 weeks !!

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18
Q

If the patient stops taking anti malaria, what will happen!?

A

They will get malaria

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19
Q

What are some side effects of anti malaria? (5)

A

Hearing impairment
Renal impairment
Blood dyscrasias
Cardiac side effects
Visual disturbances

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20
Q

What do we want to look at before taking anti malaria drugs?
Baseline of what? And explain why for each ? (4)

A

CBC - blood dyscrasias
( bun and creatine )
Vision - disturbances
Hearing - loss
Renal - impaired

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21
Q

If a patient is having any signs of loss of vision, hearing, kidney, cardiac problems they should what?

A

Inform the doctor

22
Q

What patient education will we do for these patients?
Think of what it is effecting ?

A

Liver problems

Alcohol avoidance

23
Q

Overall what is the biggest biggest thing to tell our patients ?

A

Finish the medication
2 weeks before
During the time
4-8 weeks after ( being in states )

24
Q

How often do we take these medications?

With what?

Can we use with foods?

A

Weekly!

Water

Yes

25
Q

Now we are gonna talk about worms!!!

A
26
Q

What is helminths?

A

Parasitic worms

27
Q

What are the 4 groups of worms? Or helminths?

A

Cestodes ( tape worms )
Trematodes ( flukes )
Intestinal nematodes ( roundworms )
Extra intestinal tissue invading nemeatodes ( trichinosis, filariae )

28
Q

Usually the helminths, parasitic worms effect?

A

GI system

29
Q

Usually what are the complication of helminths?

A

Intestinal obstruction
Malabsorption of nutrients
Secondary bacterial infections

30
Q

What is the transmission of helminths?

A

Occurs in poor sanitation and hygiene
( Fecal to oral )

31
Q

What are the sites that helminths effect?

A

Intestine
Lymphatic system
Blood vessels
Liver

32
Q

Notes helminths
Entry from incited soil to humans via
Contaminated food
Bites of carrier insects
Direct penetration of skin

A
33
Q

Pinworms are very common in which age group?

A

School age kids

34
Q

Where do the pinworms lay their eggs?

A

Around their anus

35
Q

When one person has worms, what does that mean?

A

Everyone has pinwroms

Treat everyone!!

36
Q

What do we educate these people on?

A

Hand washing!
Following medication

37
Q

So what is the medication treatment we are going to use for these worms?

A

Anti helmintic drugs

38
Q

What is the duration we usually have people on these medication for?
Like how many days?

A

1-3 days

39
Q

However
What is the most important thing about being on anthelminic drug?

A

We need to know the specific worm to treat with a specific drug!

40
Q

How can we know the specific worm that is causing the infection ?

A

Fecal collection
Urine collection
Blood collectuon
Sputum collection
Tissue collection

41
Q

Can we treat someone with worms without culture?

A

NO!!!!

42
Q

Now onto peptides!!

A
43
Q

What do peptides treat?

A

Anti viral
Anti microbial
Anti fungal
Anti parasitic

44
Q

What are the 4 peptides medications?

A

Collistimethate
Polymyxins
Bacitracin
Metronidazole

45
Q

What do we need to know about metronizaole? (2)

A

Don’t drink alcohol!
Metallic taste

46
Q

Just know for symptoms that peptides are like antibiotics

Superinfection
Headache
Diarrhea

A
47
Q

Practice question 1
Which is the most appropriate nursing intervention for a patient who is taking mefloquine and hydroxychloroquine?

Collect stool specimen
Assess the patient hearing
Advise the patient to take showers, not baths
Encourage female patients to have a Pap test every 6 months

A

Assess the patient hearing

48
Q

Practice question 2
Travelers visiting malaria infested countries are instructed to?

Avoid mosquitoes in these countries
Receive immunization before travel
Visit these countries only while in good health
Take prophylactic antibiotic before traveling

A

Take prophylactic antibiotic before traveling

49
Q

Practice question 3
Which information will the nurse include when teaching a patient about anthelminitic therapy?

Take the medication 1 hour before meals

Take a bath at least once a day

Change your sheets every other day

Be aware that drowsiness may occur

A

Be aware that drowsiness may occur

50
Q

Practice question 4
The nurse is aware that most patients receiving metronidazole are being treated for infections of the?

Urinary tract
Gastrointestinal system
Integumentary system
Reproductive system

A

Gastrointestinal system

343 Pharm Exam 4 (6 decks)

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