Chapter 31: Antimalaria & Anthelmintics & Peptides Flashcards
What is malaria caused by?
Plasmodium Protozoa
How do you transmit or get malaria? (2)
Transmitted by the bite of an infected adult female mosquito
Blood, congenitally needles
Where are the common places of malaria?
Africa
Asia
Central
South America
What is the thought process of malaria? Like how we treat it?
We want to prevent it By giving medications regime
And treatment as soon as you get it and prevent relapse
Are you sick right away when you get bitten by a mosquito?
No
Takes a minute
There are two type of phases
What are the names?
Exoerythrocytic phase
Erythrocytic phase
What is the exoerythrocytic phase? (2)
Occurs outside the erythrocyte
Asymptotic
What is erythrocytic phase? (2)
Occurs inside the erythrocyte
Symptomatic phase
There are two interdependent life cycles
Which are
And describe it?
Between these two
When are drugs effective?
Sexual cycle - inside mosquito
Asexual cycle - inside in the human
Asexual cause human!
What is the incubation of malaria?
10-35
Up to a month
After a month of incubation of malaria
Many report getting hit by a bus!
What are the main symptoms? (4)
Fever above 104^
Chills & rigors ( shakes )
Sweating
Prolonged sleep
The United States doesn’t have malaria
So when a client is coming up with similar symptoms of it, what is something we should ask?
Have you been traveling?
How long are you severely sick for?
48-72 hours
What is the biggest thing about malaria though when you are sick?
It comes for 48-72 hours then feel better
Then it repeats again
How do we know you have malaria?
Diagnoses
CBC
What are 3 ways to treat malaria?
Prevent
Treat acute attack
Prevent relapse
What do we want to do to help prevent malaria?
Steps? (3)
Prophylaxis Anti malaria 1-2 weeks before you leave and in your system
Before you go to the place to
Take the medication the whole time you’re there
Then keep taking it for 4-8 weeks !!
If the patient stops taking anti malaria, what will happen!?
They will get malaria
What are some side effects of anti malaria? (5)
Hearing impairment
Renal impairment
Blood dyscrasias
Cardiac side effects
Visual disturbances
What do we want to look at before taking anti malaria drugs?
Baseline of what? And explain why for each ? (4)
CBC - blood dyscrasias
( bun and creatine )
Vision - disturbances
Hearing - loss
Renal - impaired
If a patient is having any signs of loss of vision, hearing, kidney, cardiac problems they should what?
Inform the doctor
What patient education will we do for these patients?
Think of what it is effecting ?
Liver problems
Alcohol avoidance
Overall what is the biggest biggest thing to tell our patients ?
Finish the medication
2 weeks before
During the time
4-8 weeks after ( being in states )
How often do we take these medications?
With what?
Can we use with foods?
Weekly!
Water
Yes
Now we are gonna talk about worms!!!
What is helminths?
Parasitic worms
What are the 4 groups of worms? Or helminths?
Cestodes ( tape worms )
Trematodes ( flukes )
Intestinal nematodes ( roundworms )
Extra intestinal tissue invading nemeatodes ( trichinosis, filariae )
Usually the helminths, parasitic worms effect?
GI system
Usually what are the complication of helminths?
Intestinal obstruction
Malabsorption of nutrients
Secondary bacterial infections
What is the transmission of helminths?
Occurs in poor sanitation and hygiene
( Fecal to oral )
What are the sites that helminths effect?
Intestine
Lymphatic system
Blood vessels
Liver
Notes helminths
Entry from incited soil to humans via
Contaminated food
Bites of carrier insects
Direct penetration of skin
Pinworms are very common in which age group?
School age kids
Where do the pinworms lay their eggs?
Around their anus
When one person has worms, what does that mean?
Everyone has pinwroms
Treat everyone!!
What do we educate these people on?
Hand washing!
Following medication
So what is the medication treatment we are going to use for these worms?
Anti helmintic drugs
What is the duration we usually have people on these medication for?
Like how many days?
1-3 days
However
What is the most important thing about being on anthelminic drug?
We need to know the specific worm to treat with a specific drug!
How can we know the specific worm that is causing the infection ?
Fecal collection
Urine collection
Blood collectuon
Sputum collection
Tissue collection
Can we treat someone with worms without culture?
NO!!!!
Now onto peptides!!
What do peptides treat?
Anti viral
Anti microbial
Anti fungal
Anti parasitic
What are the 4 peptides medications?
Collistimethate
Polymyxins
Bacitracin
Metronidazole
What do we need to know about metronizaole? (2)
Don’t drink alcohol!
Metallic taste
Just know for symptoms that peptides are like antibiotics
Superinfection
Headache
Diarrhea
Practice question 1
Which is the most appropriate nursing intervention for a patient who is taking mefloquine and hydroxychloroquine?
Collect stool specimen
Assess the patient hearing
Advise the patient to take showers, not baths
Encourage female patients to have a Pap test every 6 months
Assess the patient hearing
Practice question 2
Travelers visiting malaria infested countries are instructed to?
Avoid mosquitoes in these countries
Receive immunization before travel
Visit these countries only while in good health
Take prophylactic antibiotic before traveling
Take prophylactic antibiotic before traveling
Practice question 3
Which information will the nurse include when teaching a patient about anthelminitic therapy?
Take the medication 1 hour before meals
Take a bath at least once a day
Change your sheets every other day
Be aware that drowsiness may occur
Be aware that drowsiness may occur
Practice question 4
The nurse is aware that most patients receiving metronidazole are being treated for infections of the?
Urinary tract
Gastrointestinal system
Integumentary system
Reproductive system
Gastrointestinal system
